MADDER FAMILY. Rubiaceae. 





yellow and veined with purple, with two yellow ridges in 

 the throat. This is not common and is found across the 

 continent. 



MADDER FAMILY. Rubioceoe. 



A large family, widely distributed, chiefly tropical. Ours 

 are herbs, or shrubs; leaves opposite or in whorls; flowers 

 regular, usually perfect; calyx with four teeth or none; 

 corolla with four or five united lobes, often hairy inside; 

 stamens on the corolla, as many as its lobes and alternate 

 with them; ovary inferior, with one or two styles; fruit a 

 capsule, berry, or stone-fruit. Coffee, Quinine, and Madder, 

 used for dye, belong to this family. I am told that the 

 latter plant is escaping around Salt Lake and is well 

 established there. The Latin name means "red." 



There are many kinds of Houstonia, North American, 

 usually growing in tufts, leaves opposite; flowers small; 

 calyx four-lobed; corolla funnel-form or salver-form, four- 

 lobed; style slender, with two long stigmas; fruit a capsule. 

 Sometimes the flowers are perfect, but usually they are of 

 two kinds, one kind with high anthers and short pistil, 

 the other kind with long pistil and anthers inside the corolla- 

 tube; visiting insects carry pollen from the high anthers of 

 the one to the high stigmas of the other, and from the low 

 anthers to the low stigmas, thus ensuring cross- pollination 



A pretty little desert plant, about two 

 Desert Innocence . 



Houstonia rubra mches hl g h forming close tufts of sage- 

 Pink and white green foliage, like harsh moss, with stiff 

 Summer needle-like leaves and woody stems, 



sprinkled with charming little pink and 

 white flowers. The corolla is three-eighths of an inch 

 across, with a long slender tube, the stamens lilac, and the 

 odd little nodding capsules have two round lobes. This 

 grows in the dreadful sandy wastes of the Petrified Forest. 



The only kind, a slender little plant, 

 Kelloggia from sk incheg to f t tall usually with 



Kelloggia 

 galioldes smooth leaves, with small stipules. The 



Spring, summer tiny flowers are white, pink, or greenish- 

 White, pink, yellow, with a bristly calyx, and the 

 WesTetc corolla usually has four petals, but 



sometimes five or three; the stigmas 

 two. The fruit is covered with hooked bristles. This 

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