GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 3 



in replying to it, could only find three instances: 1. The 

 Griquas, the progeny of the Hottentots and the Dutch. 2. The 

 Cafusos of the forests of Varama (Brazil), a race described by 

 Spix and Martius, and, according to them, the offspring of in- 

 digenous Americans and African Negroes. 3. The mop- 

 headed Papuans inhabiting the island of Waigiou and the sur- 

 rounding islands and the northern part of New Guinea, and 

 who, according to MM. Quoy and Gaimard, are a hybrid race, 

 the issue of a union of Malays and the Papuans proper. 1 



These three examples have been objected to, and are indeed 

 liable to objections. 2 We know next to nothing about the Ca- 

 fusos, and no one can positively assert that they have remained 

 unmixed with the indigenous race ; but we know for certain 

 that the Griquas have risen since the commencement of this 

 century around a Protestant mission, by the fusion of some 

 Dutch-Hottentot bastaard families with a large number of the 

 Hottentot race, the Bosjesmen, and the Kaffir race. This ex- 

 ample then proves, by no means, that a mixed race can per- 

 petuate itself separately. 3 



1 Prichard, Natural History of Man. 



2 Davis and Thurnam, Crania Britannica, p. 7, No. 4, London, 1856. 



3 See the voyages of Truter and Somerville (1801), Liechtenstein (1805), 

 Campbell (1813), John Philips (1825), Thompson (1824), etc., in the Collection 

 of Voyages by Walkenaer, t. xv-xxi, Paris, 1842. In 1801 Truter and Somer- 

 ville found near the Orange or Gariep river, in the district where now Griqua 

 town stands, a horde of Bastaards and Bosjesmen, commanded by a Bastaard 

 of the name of Kok (t. xvii, p. 364). On their return they found a consider- 

 able village, composed of Kaffirs, Hottentots, and mongrel breeds of several 

 varieties, under the command of a chief named Kok (p. 393). In the same 

 year Kitchener, the missionary, assembled the horde in a village. There 

 came pure Hottentots and Namaquas (t. xviii, p. 126). In 1802 Anderson, 

 the missionary, in organising the growing nation, gave authority to the Bas- 

 taards (p. 127). The village of Laawater or Klaarwater, which has since 

 become Griqua-town, consisted in 1805, when Lichtenstein visited it, of 

 about thirty families, one-half of which belonged to the Bastaard race, the 

 rest were Namaquas or Hottentots. The village enlarged rapidly " by the 

 arrival of refugees, and by marriages with the women of the Bosjesmen and 

 the Koramas, who lived in the vicinity" (t. xix, p. 355). They practised 

 polygamy. " They constituted a horde of nomadic naked savages, living by 

 pillage and the chase ; their bodies were besmeared with red paint, the hair 

 covered with grease, living in ignorance, without any trace of civilisation" 

 (p. 356). After the lapse of five years the missionaries commenced civilising 

 them by giving them the taste for agricultural pursuits. The name, how- 

 ever, of Bastaards, which indicated their European origin, was no longer 

 suitable to this nation, in which the African blood was greatly predominating. 

 They took, therefore, the name of Griquas. Campbell asserts that they chose 

 that name, as it was that of the principal family (t. xviii, p. 395). This ex- 

 planation appears to me very doubtful. Ten Khync, who explored Southern 



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