pairs of legs, passes into the salamandet stage having all the characteristics of an amphibian, 

 finally absorbing its tail and passing into the adult frog stage. The toad goes through a simi- 

 lar series of stages but much more rapidly than the frog. The salamander passes through the 

 same stages, up to the salamander stage, when its development is completed. This peculiar 

 development seems to indicate that these three amphibians have all had a common fish-like 

 ancestor, which was derived in turn from certain special forms of invertebrates. It is but 

 typical of the general development of animals and possibly plants. It is interpreted as mean- 

 ing that the individual has to be developed in the same manner, because of Nature's uniform- 

 ity. If the group of frogs had been produced by special creation then this life history of the 

 frog of to-day is unintelligible. Individual frogs should now be produced by divine command, 

 or, if produced through the agency of eggs, these should contain the perfected frog in 

 miniature. 



If we accept the statement of Mill, that "uniformity in the course of Nature must remain 

 as the ultimate major premise of all inductions," then this slow, progressive development of 

 the frog from the single-celled egg to the adult means that the group of frogs was produced 

 by the same process. With unlimited time for the changes from stage to stage to take place, 

 the passage from an invertebrate to a fish, or a fish to an amphibian, is far less wonderful 

 than that which we behold before our eyes to-day To annihilate each group successively 

 and re-create a higher would be exactly the same as destroying each individual at the 

 close of each stage and creating it anew upon a higher plane. 





REFERENCE LIST. 



1. MANUAL OF ASTRONONY Young. Ginn & Co., 1902. 



2. WORLD-LIFE Winchell. S. C. Griggs & Co., 1883. 



3. SKETCHES OF CREATION Winchell. Harper & Bros., 1870. 



4. WALKS AND TALKS IN THE GEOLOGICAL FIELD Winchell. Chautauqua Press, 



1886. 



5. GEOLOGY, VOL. II Chamberlin & Salisbury. Holt & Co. , 1906. 



6. THE STORY OF EARTH AND MAN Dawson. Harper & Bros., 1873. 



7. THE GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF PLANTS Dawson. Appleton & Co., 1892. 



8. ANIMALS BEFORE MAN IN NORTH AMERICA Lucas. Appleton & Co., 1902. 



9. ORIGIN OF SPECIES Darwin. Appleton & Co., 1859. 

 10. TPIE LIVING WORLD Conn. Putnam's Sons, 1891. 



n. ORGANIC EVOLUTION Eimer & Cunningham. Macmillan & Co., 1890. 



12. THE METHOD OF EVOLUTION Conn. Putnam's Sons, 1903. 



13. THE SURVIVAL OF THE UNLIKE Bailey. Macmillan & Co., 1901. 



14. MATERIALS FOR THE STUDY OF VARIATION Bateson. Macmillan & Co., 1894. 



15. EFFECTS OF USE AND DISUSE Ball. Macmillan & Co., 1890. 



1 6. PROBLEMS OF EVOLUTION Headley. Crowell & Co., 1900. 



17. CHAPTERS ON EVOLUTION Wilson. Putnam's Sons, 1883. 



18. FOOT-NOTES TO EVOLUTION Jordon. Appleton & Co., 1900. 



19. FROM THE GREEKS TO DARWIN Osborn. Macmillan & Co. , 1894. 



20. DARWIN AND AFTER DARWIN Romanes, 3 Vols. Open Court Pub. Co., 1892-7. 



21. DARWINISM Wallace. Macmillan & Co., 1889. 



22. EVOLUTION AND ADAPTATION Morgan. Macmillan & Co., 1903. 



23. NEW CREATIONS IN PLANT LIFE Harwood. Macmillan & Co., 1905. 



24. LAMARCK AND HIS WORK Packard. Longmans, Green & Co., 1901. 



25. THE GERM-PLASM Weismann. Scribner's Sons, 1893. 



26. CHARLES DARWIN, HIS LIFE AND WORK Holder. Putnam's Sons, 1891. 



14 



