ami half hours. The base should be level and from the peg should be drawn the north- 

 south line. To get the position of the sun in the heavens the length of the shadow of the peg 

 is to be noted at noon, as it falls upon this line. It is not desirable to take up with children of 

 this age the question of mean solar time, or of standard time. The principle of the pendulum 

 may be discovered by having the children count the number of oscillations in a minute. Re- 

 pent a number of times upon different days. If children can be shown now that one beat 

 allows a wheel to turn one notch they have all that they need for comprehending modern 

 methods of time keeping. This work is not called for in this stage of culture, but is rendered 

 desirable because of the environment in which the child is placed. The same is true of the 

 thermometer. For the work upon the dandelion see Scott's Nature Study, page 15 to 37. 

 The blue prints are simple, cheap and furnish fascinating work for children. The blue print 

 paper may be secured from book dealers ordinarily, or dealers in photographic supplies. The 

 objects to be printed are pressed to render them flat, laid upon the special paper with a piece of 

 common glass over them and placed in the sun for a few minutes. A piece of firm card board 

 for the back is desirable and the glass and cardboard may be held firmly together with spring 

 clothes-pins. After exposure .to the sun the prints are simply washed in water and dried. 

 Some experimenting will be necessary in order to find hoxv much exposure is required. ( v See 

 Howe's Systematic Science Teaching, page 122). The following books and special articles 

 will contain much of value for the second grade teacher who desires to carry out the above 

 line of work. For work upon birds and silkworms consult the first grade list. For references 

 upon primitive life see list upon page 23. 



HELPFUL LITERATURE. 



1. Lange's Handbook of Nature Study Outline on Dog, page 94. 



2. Longman's Object Lessons Outline on Dog, page 56. . ; 



3. Book of Cats and Dogs Johonnot. American Book Co , 1884. 



4. Neighbors with Claws and Hoofs Johounot. American Book Co., 1885. 



5. Stories of Brave Dogs Carter. The Century Co., 1904. 



6. Some Useful Animals Monteith. American Book Co., 1903. 



7. Habits of Animals Ingersoll. Interstate Pub. Co., 1882. 



8. Call of the Wild London. Grosset & Dunlap, 1903. 



9. Stories from Animal Land Chase. Educational Pub. Co., 1891. 



10. Four-Footed Americans Wright. The Macmillan Co., 1898. 



11. Wild Animals I have Known Thompson. Scribner's Sons, 1898. 



12. Elementary Lessons in Zoology Needham. American Book Co., 1895. 



13. Lange's Handbook of Nature Stud) Outline on Fish, page 295. 



14. Indian Boyhood Eastman. McClure, Phillips & Co., 1902. 



15. Gesture Language -Mallery. ist. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, 1879-80, page 281. 



16. Stories of Rocks and Minerals Fairbanks. Educational Pub. Co., ^903. 



17. Studies Among the Snow Crystals Bentley. U. S. Weather Bureau, 1902. 



18. The Children of the Cold Schwatka. Educational Pub. Co., 1899. 

 19 The Snow Baby Peary. F. A Stokes Co., 1901. 



20. Each and All-' Andrews. Story of Agoonack. Ginn &. Co., 1894. 



21. The Book of Nature Myths Holbrook Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1902. 



22. How to Make Baskets White. Doubleday, Page & Co., 1903. 



23. Practical and Artistic Basketry Tinsley. Kellogg & Co., 1904. 



24. Graded Lessons in Hygiene Krohn. Appleton & Co , 1903 



25. First Studies in Plant Life Atkinson. Ginn & Co.. 1902. 



26. Bird Day and How to Prepare for it Babcock. Silver, Burdett & Co., 1901. 



27. The Mosquito Howard. See also Hodge's Nature Study, page 64. Nature Study Review, Feb. 1907. 



28. Language through Nature, Literature and Art Perdue and Griswold. Rand, McNally iV Co., 1902. 



29. All the Year Round Strong. Ginn & Co.. 1898 to 1905. Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter. 



30. The Hiawatha Primer Holbrook. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1898. 



31. Robinson Crusoe or Swiss Family Robinson. 



Third Grade. Pastoral Phase. Age of Flocks and Herds. 



CENTRAL FALL THOUGHT; Protective Covering of Plants and Animals. 



Horse chestnut or buckeye tree; form, size, parts, branching, 



bark, twigs, leaves, fruit and buds. 

 Show children how to read the story of a twig by means 



of leaf, flower and bud scars. 



Practice with twigs from other trees. 



Make a special study of the protective devices of the nut, 



the baby tree inside the nut and the embryonic flowers and leaves in the buds. 



47 



