Comparison of horse chestnut and pine to discover differences. 



Live sheep if a flock can be visited; otherwise a cleaned skull, 



feet from butchers, tanned skin with wool, raw wool, carded wool 



and good pictures. 



Mountain home of wild sheep and protection against rain, snow and cold. 



Food, teeth, legs, feet, means of defense and escape. 



Domestication of sheep and use to man in providing 



wool, leather, meat and tallow. 

 Traits of shepherd dog and his assistance in caring for flocks. 



The goat and the chamois by means of pictures. 



The cow as to simple structure, food and habits and comparison with sheep. 

 Uses of cow to man; leather, meat, tallow, milk, butter, 



cheese, hair, horns, hoofs. 



Comparison of cow and horse and its use in caring for cattle. 

 Life on the great sheep and cattle ranches of the west. 



Nomadic life required. 



Why man changed from a hunter to a shepherd and cow boy. 

 By means of pictures and stories the deer, antelope, bison, camel, giraffe and reindeer. 



Reeling of silk from cocoons of silk moth. 

 Study of raw cotton bolls and relation of fibers to seeds. 



Flax and its fiber. 



Compare fibers of wool, silk, cotton and flax. 

 Feathers and their value as a protective covering. 



CENTRAL WINTER THOUGHT; Man's Preparation for Winter by Clothing and 

 Footwear. 



Simple experiments to show that heat and cold are not felt through 



pads of wool, silk, cotton and linen. Same for leather. 



Suitability for clothing and advantages over skins and furs. 



Cleaning and carding of wool. Hand spinning to illustrate process. 



The use of the distaff and spindle in spinning. 

 If possible show a spinning-wheel in operation. 



Illustrate the spinning of cotton and flax fiber. 



Upon simple hand looms have children weave yarn, silk, cotton or linen thread. 

 Have children take to pieces various types of thread and cloth. 



Simple accounts of their manufacture. 



The dyeing of fabrics by horse-chestnut bark and "Diamond dyes." 

 If it is desired to teach sewing, simple articles of clothing may be made. 



The use of shoe and boot compared with the moccasin. 



If feasible visit the shoemaker. His materials and tools. 



Exhibit a pair of wooden shoes and consider advantages and disadvantages. 



Have a miniature pair carved from horse chestnut wood. 

 Further study of the skin as Nature's protective covering. 



Danger from wet clothing and wet feet. 

 The skin as a respiratory and excretory organ. 



Necessity for keeping pores open. 



Necessity for and proper times for bathing. 



Danger of bathing when body is too warm. "Cramps." 



Test various fabrics as to their ability to absorb moisture. 



Test inflammability of wool, silk, cotton and linen. Give needed warning. 



Primitive and modern umbrellas. 



Source and properties of India rubber and its use to protect body and feet. 



Let children design a tent in paper and then make from muslin, linen or silk. 



The advantages and disadvantages of the tent when compared with tepee. 



Occasional winter observations upon horse chestnut tree. 

 Work of frost upon bottles of water, pipes, rocks and lumps of soil. 



48 



