Find other fall flowers Upon which the bees are working and study their structure. 



Contrast the bee and grasshopper as to their importance to the plant world and to man. 



Study those devices for securing seed distribution in which the agency of animals an d man 



is employed. 



Height of such plants, position of seeds, ease of detachment, ability to cling; how 



the seed reaches the ground; type of animal needed. 



Search for trees with any such devices. 



School savings bank to encourage thrift. 



CENTRAL WINTER THOUGHT; Man's Protection Against Cold by Fire. 



Develop physical properties of carbon from charcoal. 



Make charcoal from pine splinters by heating in a test-tube. 



Describe manufacture upon a commercial scale. 



Discuss various uses of charcoal. 

 From washed specimens study hard and soft coal. 

 In soft coal find traces of plant structure and explain origin. 

 Coal deposits in the United States, its mining and transportation. 



Importance of coal in the home, school and factory. 

 Our dependence upon the miner and his arduous and dangerous life. 



Illustrate method of making coal gas with clay pipe. 

 Visit gas works, if practicable, and get samples of coal, coke, tar, etc. 



Origin of natural gas and petroleum. 

 Combustion a union of carbon and oxygen with evolution of heat; wood, charcoal, coal, coke, 



candles, kerosene lamps and gas. 

 Properties of carbon-dioxide gas and danger to life. L,itne water test. 



The smothering of incipient fires; home and clothing. 

 Investigate methods of heating school and home; stoves, furnaces, steam, hot water. 



Fire getting by means of matches. Gunpowder and explosives. 

 Effect of heat upon liquids; expansion and evaporation. Condensation. 

 Application to clouds, fogs, rain, dew and frost. Saturation and dew point. 



Principle of thermometer explained. 



Effect of heat upon solids; expansion and melting. Application. 

 Effect of heat upon air; expansion and production of vertical currents. 



Hot air balloons and hot air wheels. 

 Application of principles in the ventilation of rooms. 

 Introduce a very simple barometer and explain its use. 

 By charring small bits discover that carbon is a common ingredient of practically all our 



foods; starch, sugar, meat, fruits, etc. 

 Present respiration as a process of combustion by which the body is warmed. Animals and 



man. 

 Test breath with lime water, and a jar of it with a lighted candle. 



Organs of respiration; the lungs and skin. 



Waste matters exhaled and necessity for pure air. 



Regulation of the temperature of the body by evaporation. 



Colds, influenza, pneumonia and consumption. 



The respiratory process in germinating seeds, the giving off of heat and production 



of carbon-dioxide. 



CENTRAL SPRING THOUGHT; Animal and Plant Co-operation. 



The study of the bee continued with the observation hive. 

 The rearing of young and the life history directly observed. 

 The queen the mother of the colony and the devotion of her children. 

 The gathering of bee bread and the work of the nurse bees. 



The gentlemen bees of the colony. 



Making comb, gathering nectar, cleaning, guarding and, in the late spring, ventilating and 



swarming. Fate of the drones. 



58 



