120 PISCES. 



first represented in the Eocene both of Europe and America. 

 The oldest known example is an imperfect skull with pectoral 

 arch from the London Clay (Lower Eocene) of Sheppey, named 

 Bucklandium diluvii and closely similar to the modern Auche- 

 noglanis. A skull from the Barton Clay (Upper Eocene) of 

 Hampshire cannot be distinguished from that of Arius, and 

 has been named A. egertoni. 



Sub-Order 8. Haplomi. 



The pikes ( Esocidae ) and toothed carps (Cyprinodontidae) 

 are only known as yet among fossils by fishes almost or quite 

 indistinguishable from existing genera. None are certainly 

 known below the Lower Miocene (Oligocene). Esox occurs 

 in the Upper Miocene lacustrine deposit of Oeningen, Switzer- 

 land ; and here is also found a small fish which seems to be 

 genetically identical with, the living Poecilia of tropical 

 America. 



Sub-Order 9. Anacanthini. 



Palaeontology as yet reveals nothing concerning the origin 

 and evolution of the cod-fishes and flat-fishes. Nemopteryx 

 from the Upper Eocene (Lower Oligocene) of Canton Glarus, 

 Switzerland, is commonly referred to the Gadidue ; and some 

 detached skulls from the London Clay of Sheppey are believed 

 to represent fishes of this family. Typical fully-developed 

 flat-fishes of diminutive size, named Solea kirchbergana, occur 

 in the Miocene of Ulm, Wtirtemberg. 



Sub-Order 10. Percesoces. 



The Scombresocidae, Atherinidae, Mugilidae, and Sphy- 

 raenidae, may perhaps be represented in the Cretaceous, and are 

 certainly well-developed in the Upper Eocene. Of the first 

 family, Scombresox and Belone are recorded from the Miocene 

 of Licata, Sicily. Calamopleurus, from the English Chalk and 

 Gault, may belong to the Atherinidas. Most of the fragmentary 

 fossils referred to the Sphyra3nida3 truly belong to Scomberoids 



