152 REPT1LIA. 



Galesaurus (fig. 95). A small animal known only by the skull, which 

 is depressed behind, compressed in front, and has the anterior nares 

 subdivided by a median partition. There are 4 pairs of incisor teeth 

 above, 3 pairs below, one pair of large canines in each jaw, and an undeter- 

 mined number of molars, which are laterally compressed and in part 

 tricuspidate. The upper canine is borne by the maxilla, and its pulp- 

 cavity is shown to be closed. The palate, so far as known, is represented 

 in the accompanying diagram (fig. 95). The vomer (v) extends backwards 

 to the pterygoids, bounded laterally in its hinder portion by the palatines 

 (pi.}; the relatively large pterygoids (pt.) meet in the middle line, sending 

 backwards and outwards a process to the quadrate, while forwards they 

 seem to join the ectopterygoid or transverse bone (ecpt.) in forming the 

 short descending process which abuts against the inner face of the man- 

 dible on each side. It is not certain whether the palatines contribute 

 to the false palate (s.p.) formed by the plates from the maxilla. The 

 skull of the typical species, Galesaurus planiceps, measures 0'09 m. in 

 length, arid is known from the Karoo Formation both of Cape Colony and 

 of the Orange Free State. 



Lycosaurus. Also known with certainty only by the skull, which is 

 compressed rather than depressed, and differs from Galesaurus in its 

 molariform teeth being all simple cones, though more or less compressed 

 and finely serrated. These teeth are well-spaced and only about five in 

 number on each side above and below. The two known species are 

 from the Karoo Formation of Cape Colony. 



Aelurosaurus. Like Lycosaurus, but with small pointed teeth irregu- 

 larly grouped on the anterior half of the palate. Aelurosaurus felinus is 

 known only by a small skull wanting the occipital region, from the Karoo 

 Formation of Cape Colony. 



Cynognathus (fig. 96). The only Theriodont hitherto described in 

 which the vertebral column and limb-arches are definitely associated with 

 the skull. The typical species attains a large size, the skull measuring 

 nearly O4 m., and the vertebral column to the first sacral vertebra about 

 0'95 m. in length. The skull (fig. 96) is laterally compressed and the 

 anterior nares are divided by a median partition; the parietal crest (pa.} 

 is much elevated ; the sutures bounding the postfrontal (ptf.), prefrontal 

 (prf.), lachrymal (la.), and nasal (na.) bones are not clearly observable. 

 A small vacuity (l.t.f.) occurs in the temporal arcade, but this is absent in 

 a closely allied species ; and there is a little prominence on the lower 

 margin of this arch suggesting the downward process it bears in certain 

 Edentate mammals. The suture between the squamosal (sq.) and supra- 

 temporal (s.t.) seems to be obliterated, as also that between the jugal (j) 

 and postorbital (pt.o.}. A pair of indents on the snout at the meeting of 

 the nasal and maxillary bones may have lodged glands, and roughened 

 bone between suggests a possible callosity or horn. The pineal foramen 

 is obscured by crushing in the only known specimen, and the sutures 



