ANOMODONTIA. 



153 



between the bones of the brain-case are not distinctly seen. The two 

 rami of the mandible are anchylosed at the syrnphysis, and the coronoid 

 process is remarkably high. There are four pairs of serrated incisors 

 in the upper jaw, probably only three pairs in the lower jaw ; the 

 upper canine, likewise partly serrated, is fixed in the maxilla. There 

 are nine molars above and below on each side, the first five smaller and 

 simpler than the posterior four ; they are laterally-compressed cones with 

 a serrated edge more or less notched into a separate denticle at the base. 



FIG. 96. 



Cynognathus crateronotus ; right lateral aspect of skull, with imperfect mandible, 

 one-quarter nat. size. Karoo Formation (Permian or Triassic); South 

 Africa. The present writer has only been able to distinguish the sutures 

 here indicated, but the various regions are lettered in accordance with their 

 probable constitution ; the molariform teeth may perhaps project further 

 from their sockets than during life, and the crown of the hindermost tooth 

 is broken, d, dentary; j, jugal; l.t.f., incipient lateral temporal vacuity; 

 la., lachrymal; mx., maxilla; na., nasal; orb., orbit; pa., parietal ; pmx., 

 premaxilla; prf., prefrontal ; pt.o., postorbital ; ptf., postfrontal ; s.t., 

 supratemporal (prosquamosal); sq., squamosal. (Slightly restored from 

 photograph of type specimen in British Museum.) 



It is not known whether any of these teeth have divided roots. There 

 are 29 presacral vertebrae, 6 being counted as cervical, 18 as dorsal, and 5 

 as lumbar. The centra are amphicoelous, and there are small wedge-bones 

 between the cervicals, though apparently none behind. The ribs are 

 double-headed or expanded to exhibit a double articulation, with the 

 neural arch and wedge-bone in the cervical region, with the neural arch 

 and the suture between two adjoining centra in the dorso-lumbar region. 



