rXCJI'LATA. 



347 



of individuals of all ages, from the youngest calf to the very 

 mature adult, were discovered in 1884 in the Pleistocene 

 gravels of Barrington, near Cambridge. Two extinct dwarf 

 species (H. pentlandi and H. minutus) are found in association 

 with the dwarf elephants in the caverns and rock-fissures of 

 Sicily and Malta (see p. 306). It is also noteworthy that other 

 dwarf species, of very variable characters, have left abundant 



FIG. 198. 



Hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon) sivalensis ; palatal view of skull (A), front of 

 mandible (B), and crown of molar (c), the first two figures one-eighth nat. 

 size, the third one-half nat. size. L. Pliocene (Siwalik Formation) ; India. 

 (After Falconer.) 



remains in the superficial deposits of Madagascar, where the 

 hippopotamus is now quite extinct. No trace of this animal, 

 or any allied form, has been discovered in America. 



Before the close of the Eocene period many of the bunodont 

 artiodactyls had already begun to exhibit a tendency towards 

 a selenodont dentition, while others had actually reached this 

 stage ; and it seems very probable that some of the early 

 Miocene genera were indeed true ruminants. The intermediate 



