CARNIVORA. 391 



jaw, and usually only two molars above, three molars below; 

 but the lower sectorial molar is generally less extended than 

 in the Recent genus just mentioned, its shape being more 

 suggestive of that of the corresponding tooth in the Viverridae. 

 The limb-bones and vertebrae found in the same deposits as the 

 skulls and jaws, but not yet in actual association with the latter, 

 are quite of the canine type, except that the humerus is distally 

 expanded as already described. The most important and 

 numerous specimens of Cynodictis hitherto discovered are those 

 from the Phosphorites of Quercy, France ; but other fragments 

 are also known from the Gypsum of Montmartre, near Paris, 

 from the Lignite of De'bruge, near Apt (Vaucluse), and from 

 contemporaneous formations in Wiirtemberg and Switzerland. 



The only nearly complete fossil skeletons of Canidae yet 

 known, are those of the famous " Fossil Fox " (Galecynus 

 oeningensis) from the Upper Miocene of Oeningen, Baden, 

 and the so-called Galecynus geismarianus from the equivalent 

 John Day Formation in Oregon, U.S.A. In the first, the 

 pollex (digit no. l) of the manus is rather larger than usual in 

 Canis, and the dentition slightly differs from that of this genus. 

 In the American skeleton, the humerus distinctly has the 

 entepicondylar foramen as in Cynodictis. The extinct species 

 of Cams-proper are thus represented only by fragments, and 

 they are distinguished solely by parts of the skull and dentition. 

 Such fossils have been determined from the Lower Pliocene 

 (Siwalik Formation) of India, the Upper Pliocene of France 

 and Tuscany, and the Pliocene of North America. The earliest 

 satisfactory evidence of the occurrence of Canis in Britain 

 occurs at the base of the Pleistocene in the Cromer Forest Bed, 

 from which characteristic remains both of the wolf (C. lupus) 

 and the fox (C. vulpes) have been obtained. Remains of the 

 same animals are met with in the British cavern deposits, and 

 the wolf survived both in Scotland and Ireland until the early 

 part of the eighteenth century. It is interesting to add that 

 one mandibular ram us from a cavern in Glamorganshire, South 

 Wales, seems to represent an extinct ally of the Cape Hunting 

 Dog (Lycaon pictus), which now inhabits south and east Africa; 

 the fossil form is named Lycaon anglicus. 



