ANALOGIES OF THE HYMENOPTERA. 15' 



Analogies of the Hymenoptera to the Ptilota. 



Tribes of the ^„„,_,„ Orders of the 



Hymenoptera. 



Analogies. Ptilota. 



'Pre-eminently typical; proboscis T 



r Pre-eminently typical; proboscis T 



Apides. -s or tongue very long ; nectivo- >• Lepidopteba. 



C reus. J 



SPHEClDES. [^t'o"scTshort"'^"'''°"^'' ^'■°"] H««"^=«*- 



IcHNEUMONiDES. [ Caudal appendages highly deve- 1 hymenopteba. 



Cynipsides. The most aberrant of their circles. Coleoptera. 



Tenthredines. {"rodysS!'°'"°"'"^ ''''^^'I Neuroptera. 



We ground the correctness of the first two analo- 

 gies upon the unquestionable facts, that the bees are 

 the most typical, and that the Sphecides are the rapto- 

 rial, tribes of the order. This arrangement coincides 

 not merely with the corresponding tribes of the Ptilota, 

 but with every tribe in the vertebrate and other circles 

 contained in our precedingvolumes. The superior length 

 of the tongue in the typical bees and butterflies is well 

 worth remarking, and is strongly contrasted with the 

 universal shortness of this organ in the raptorial He- 

 miptera {Rediivius Fab.), and the equally raptorial wasps. 

 The ichneumons, corresponding to the greater part of 

 the Pupivora of Latreille, as representatives of the order 

 in the entire circle, possesses one — and only one — of 

 the typical characters in the highest state of develope- 

 ment, — a circumstance which we have frequently had 

 occasion to point out is universal in all natural groups ; 

 and thus we consider the first three series of our table 

 to be substantially natural. Respecting the fourth, in 

 which we place the Cynipsides (including the Chalci- 

 didce) as a tribe distinct from the ichneumons, we are 

 not sufficiently clear. For a long time we were dis- 

 posed to adopt Mr. MacLeay's opinion, that the ants 

 (Formicidce) constituted one of the primary types of 

 the order; in which case they would have stood in the 

 most aberrant position, as types of the Coleoptera ; but 



