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CHAPTER XIV. 



ON THE INTELLIGENCE OF THE DOG. 



Considering the long ages during wliicli man and 

 the other animals have shared this beautiful world, 

 it is surely remarkable how little we know about them. 

 We have recently had various interesting works on 

 the intelligence and senses of animals, and yet I think 

 the principal impression which they leave on the mind 

 is that we know very little indeed on the subject. 



The Dog. 



As to the intelligence of the dog, a great many 

 people, indeed, seem to me to entertain two entirely 

 opposite and contradictory opinions. I often hear it 

 said that the dog, for instance, is very wise and clever. 

 But when I ask whether a dog can realize that two and 

 two make four, which is a very simple arithmetical 

 calculation, I generally find much doubt expressed. 



That the dog is a loyal, true, and affectionate friend 

 must be gratefully admitted, but when we come to con- 

 sider the psychical nature of the animal, the limits of our 

 knowledge are almost immediately reached. I have else- 

 where suggested that this arises in great measure from 

 the fact that hitherto we have tried to teach animals, 

 rather than to learn from them — to convey our ideas to 



