THE CONNECTIVE TISSUES 



37 



Around each Haversian canal is a series of concentric laminae, composed 

 of white fibers. Between every two laminae are found small cavities (lacunae) , 

 from which radiate in all directions small canals (canaliculi) , which com- 

 municate freely with one another. The Haversian canals, with their associ- 

 ated lacunae and canaliculi, form a system of intercommunicating passages, 

 through which lymph circulates destined for the nourishment of bone. 

 Each lacuna contains the bone corpuscle, which bears a close resemblance 

 to the usual branched connective-tissue corpuscle, and whose function 

 appears to be the maintenance of the nutrition of the bone. 



Periosteum. 



Outer ground lamellae. 



Haversian canals. 



Haversian lamellae. 



Interstitial lamellae. 

 Inner ground lamellae. 



Marrow. 



FIG. ii. FROM A CROSS-SECTION OF A METACARP OF MAN. X 50. The Haversian canals 

 contain a little marrow (fat-cells). Resorption line at h. (Stohr). 



The surface of every bone in the living state is invested with a fibrous 

 membrane, the periosteum, except where it is covered with cartilage. The 

 inner surface of this membrane is loose in texture, and supports a fine plexus 

 of capillary blood-vessels and numerous protoplasmic cells the osteoblasts. 

 As this layer is directly concerned in the formation of bone, it is spoken of 

 as the osteogenetic layer. 



A section of a bone shows that it is composed of two kinds of tissue 

 compact and cancellated. The compact is dense, resembling ivory, and is 

 found on the outer portion of the bone; the cancellated is spongy, and appears 

 to be made up of thin, bony plates, which intersect one another in all direc- 

 tions, and is found in greatest abundance in the interior of the bones. The 

 shaft of a long bone is hollow. This central cavity, which extends from one 

 end of the bone to the other, as well as the interstices of the cancellated tissue, 

 is filled in the living state with marrow. The marrow or medulla is composed 

 of a connective-tissue framework supporting blood-vessels. In its meshes 

 are to be found characteristic bone cells or osteoblasts, the function of which 

 is supposed to be the formation of bone. In the long bones the marrow is 

 yellow, from the presence in the connective-tissue corpuscle of fat globules. 

 In the cancellated tissue, near the extremities of the long bones, this fatty 

 deposition does not take place to the same extent, and "the marrow appears 

 red. The cells of the red marrow are believed to give birth indirectly to 

 the red blood-corpuscles. 



Physical and Physiologic Properties of Connective Tissues. 

 Among the physical properties may be mentioned consistency, cohesion, and 

 elasticity. Their consistency varies from the semiliquid to the solid state, and 



