APPENDIX. 



CONTAINING directions for performing certain fundamental physi- 

 ological experiments, with brief theoretical notes on the same; a list of 

 topics suitable for essays and conference-discussion; and conversion- 

 tables of various sorts. 



LABORATORY PHYSIOLOGY. 



The following pages relating to the work in practical physiology in 

 the laboratory contain some of the theory underlying the experiments, 

 but more must be obtained from the text-books in which adequate dis- 

 cussions of all important matters are set forth. There follow also con- 

 cise, but indispensable, directions for doing in an orderly and scientific 

 way numerous basal experiments, together with the physiological prin- 

 ciple which it is the chief purpose of each experiment to demonstrate. 

 To do the laboratory work without a full understanding of its various 

 theoretical relations would be, of course, only the training of an artisan. 



Every experiment is to be performed successfully and well before the 

 next is taken up. To prove that this guiding rule of the laboratory is 

 lived up to, every experiment is to be demonstrated at the time it is being 

 done to the instructors in charge, or when the graphic method is employed, 

 evidence to the same effect in the form of the original curves, properly 

 labelled in all their details, pasted into the note-books. The excellence 

 of these curves recorded in the note-books largely determines the standing 

 of the respective students in the important practical part of the Course, 

 but good notes are next in importance to good curves. These are to be 

 written in the laboratory directly from the experiments. Make notes, 

 then, and not pictures merely, which shall record your own observations. 

 You have to use your common sense all the time! 



I. PROTOPLASM AND SIMPLE ANIMAL FUNCTIONS. 



The first work in the laboratory consists of a series of careful observa- 

 tions with the compound microscope of a number of selected animal- 

 cules. We do this chiefly for two reasons, the first that you may become 

 familiar with protoplasm in its less differentiated forms (the human 

 body consists of highly differentiated protoplasm). The other reason is 

 that each of these animals, however small, exhibits all the basal functions 



