574 



NERVOUS SYSTEM. 



In the aquaeductus Fallopii, the facial nerve gives off a filament of com- 

 munication to the pneumogastric, at the ganglion of the root. This filament, 



joined at the ganglion by sensory fila- 

 ments from the pneumogastric and 

 some filaments from the glosso-pha- 

 ryngeal, is called the auricular branch 

 of Arnold. By some anatomists it is 

 regarded as a branch from the facial, 

 and by others it is described with the 

 pneumogastric. 



Two or three small filaments of 

 communication pass from the sublin- 

 gual to the ganglion of the trunk of 

 the pneumogastric. 



At the ganglion of the trunk, the 

 pneumogastric generally receives fila- 

 ments of communication from the ar- 

 cade formed by the anterior branches 

 of the first two cervical nerves. These, 

 however, are not constant. 



The pneumogastric is connected 

 with the sympathetic system by a num- 

 ber of filaments of communication from 

 the superior cervical ganglion, passing 

 in part upward toward the ganglion 

 of the root of the pneumogastric, and 

 in part transversely and downward. 

 These filaments frequently are short, 

 and they bind the sympathetic gan- 

 glion to the trunk of the nerve. The 

 main trunk of the pneumogastric and 

 its branches receive a few filaments 

 of communication from the middle 

 and inferior cervical and the upper dorsal ganglia of the sympathetic. 



The pneumogastric frequently sends a slender filament to the glosso- 

 pharyngeal nerve, at or near the ganglion of Andersch. Branches from the 

 pneumogastric join branches from the glosso-pharyngeal, the spinal accessory 

 and the sympathetic, to form the pharyngeal plexus. 



Distribution. Although the pneumogastric nerves upon the two sides do 

 not present any important differences in the destination of their filaments, 

 as far down as the diaphragm, the distribution of the abdominal branches is 

 not the same. The most important branches are the following : 



FIG. 214. Anastomoses of the pneumogastric 



(Hirschfeld). 



1, facial nerve ; 2, glosso-pharyngeal nerve ; 2', 

 anastomoses of the glosso-pharyngeal with 

 the facial ; 3, 3, pneumogastric, with its two 

 ganglia ; 4, 4, spinal accessory ; 5, sublingual 

 nerve : 6, superior cervical ganglion of the 

 sympathetic : 7, anastomotic arcade of the 

 first two cervical nerves ; 8, carotid branch 

 of the superior cervical ganglion of the sym- 

 pathetic : 9, nerve of Jacobson ; 10, branches 

 of this nerve to the sympathetic ; 11, branch 

 to the Eustachian tube ; 12, branch to the 

 fenestra oval is ; 13, branch to the fenestra 

 rotunda ; 14, external deep petrous nerve ; 

 15, internal deep petrous nerve ; 16, otic gan- 

 glion ; 17, auricular branch of the pneumo- 

 gastric : 18, anastomosis of the pneumogas- 

 tric with the spinal accessory ; 19, anastomo- 

 sis of the pneumogastric with the sublingual ,' 

 20. anastomosis of the spinal accessory with 

 the second pair of cervical nerves ; 21, pha- 

 ryngeal plexus ; 22, superior laryngeal nerve. 



1. Auricular. 



2. Pharyngeal. 



3. Superior laryngeal. 



4. Inferior, or recurrent laryngeal. 



5. Cardiac, cervical and thoracic. 



6. Pulmonary, anterior and posterior. 



7. CEsophageal. 



8. Abdominal. 



