PNEUMOGASTRIC NERVE. 



575 



The auricular nerves are sometimes described in connection with the 

 facial. They are given off from the ganglion of the trunk of the pneumo- 

 gastric and are com- 

 posed of filaments 

 of communication 

 from the facial and 

 from the glosso- 

 pharyngeal, as well 

 as of filaments from 

 the pneumogastric 

 itself. The nerves 

 thus constituted are 

 distributed to the 

 integument of the 

 upper portion of the 



external auditory ..\V V J^.vr^KV ?-. 



meatus, and a small 

 filament is sent to 

 the membrana tym- 

 pani. 



The pharyngeal 

 nerves are given off 

 from the superior 

 portion of the gan- 

 glion of the trunk, 

 and they contain a 

 large number of the 

 filaments of com- 

 munication which 

 the pneumogastric 

 receives from the 

 spinal accessory. In 

 their course by the 

 sides of the superior 

 constrictor muscles 

 of the pharynx, these 

 nerves anastomose 

 ' with filaments from 



FIG. 215. Distribution of the pneumogastric (Hirschfeld). 

 1, trunk of the. left pneumoyastric ; 2, ganglion of the trunk ; 3, anastomo- 

 sis with the spinal accessory ; 4, anastomosis with the sublingual ; 5, 

 pharyngeal branch (the auricular branch is not shown in the figure) ; 6, 

 superior laryngeal branch ; 7, external laryngeal nerve ; 8, laryngeal 

 plexus ; 9, 9, inferior laryngeal branch ; 10, cervical cardiac branch ; 

 11, thoracic cardiac branch; 12, 13, pulmonary branches; 14, lingual 

 branch of the fifth ; 15, lower portion of the sublingual ; 16, glosso- 

 pharyngeal ; 17, spinal accessory ; 18, 19, 20, spinal nerves ; 21, phrenic 

 nerve ; 22, 23, spinal nerves ; 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, sympathetic ganglia. 



the glosso-pharyngeal and the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic, 

 to form what is known as the pharyngeal plexus. The ultimate filaments of 

 distribution pass to the muscles and the mucous membrane of the pharynx. 

 Physiological experiments have shown that the motor influence transmitted 

 to the pharyngeal muscles through the pharyngeal branches of the pneumo- 

 gastric is derived from the spinal accessory. 



The superior laryngeal nerves are given off from the lower part of the 

 ganglion of the trunk. Their filaments come from the side opposite to the 



