LIEBEEKUHN S GLANDS. 



277 



Solution of proteids at the temperature of the body (Krolow). (2) It also has a 

 diastatic action. It converts maltose into glucose {Brown and Heron). It does not 

 appear to act upon fats. 



. On account of the smallness of the objects, such experiments are only made with great 

 difficulty, and, therefore, there is a considerable uncertainty with regard to the action of the 

 secretion. 



Lieberktihn's glands are simple tubular glands resembling the finger of a glove [or a test- 

 tube], which lie closely packed, vertically near each other, in the mucous membrane (fig. 199) ; 

 they are most numerous in the large intestine, owing to the absence of villi in this region. 

 They consist of a structureless membrana propria lined by a single layer of low cylindrical 

 epithelium, between which numerous goblet-cells occur, the goblet-cells being fewer in the 

 small intestine and much more numerous in the large (fig. 199). The glands of the small 

 intestine yield a thin secretion, while those of the large intestine yield a large amount of sticky 

 mucus from their goblet- 

 cells (Klose and Heiden- 

 hain). [In a vertical 

 section of the small in- 

 testine they lie at the 

 base of the villi (fig. 

 198). In transverse section 

 are shown in fig. 200.] 



II. The Secretion 

 Lieberktihn's Glands 



onwards 

 of 



the duodenum 

 the chief source 

 testinal juice. 



Intestinal Fistula. The in- 

 testinal juice is obtained by 

 making a Thiry's Fistula (1864). 

 A loop of the intestine of a dog 

 is pulled forward (fig. 201, 1), 

 and a piece about 4 inches in 

 length is cut out, so that the 

 continuity of the intestinal tube 

 is broken, but the mesentery and 

 its blood-vessels are not divided. 

 One end of' this tube is closed, 

 and the other end is left open 

 and stitched to the abdominal 

 wall (fig. 201, 3). The two ends 

 of the intestine, from which this 

 piece was taken, are brought to- 

 gether with sutures, so as to 

 establish the continuity of the 

 intestinal canal (fig. 201,2). The 

 excised piece of intestine yields a 

 secretion which is uncontaminated -p- ^ 

 with any other digestive secre- T . , " ... ', 

 tion. _ [Thiry's method is very L 

 unsatisfactory, as judged from 

 the action of the separated loop 

 in relation to medicaments, prob- 



Fig. 201. 

 Scheme of Thiry's fistula 1, 2, 3, 4, 

 Vella's Fistula. AA' are stitched 

 together ; Abd, Abdominal wall 

 (Stirling). 



gland from 

 the large in- 

 testine (dog). 



ably owing to its mucous membrane becoming atrophied from disuse, or injured by inflamma- 

 tion. ] 



[Meade Smith makes a small opening in the intestine, through which he introduces two 

 small collapsed india-rubber balls, one above and the other below the opening, which are then 

 distended by inflation until they completely block a certain length of the intestine. The loop 

 thus blocked off, having been previously well washed out, is allowed to become filled with 

 succus, which is secreted on the application of various stimuli. By means of Bernard's 

 gastric cannula ( 165) inserted into the fistula in the loop, the secretion can be removed when 

 desired.] 



[Vella's Fistula. Open the belly of a dog, and pull out a loop (30 to 50 ctm.) [1 to 1J feet] 

 of small intestine, and ligature it ; divide it above and below, re-establish the continuity of the 

 rest of the intestine. Stitch both ends of the loop of intestine into the wound in the linea alba 



