360 DAILY QUANTITY OF FOOD REQUIRED. 



An Adult doing a Moderate Amount of Work gives off in grammes :- 



Add to this (besides 2818 grammes water as drink) 296 grammes water formed in the body by 

 the oxidation of H. These 296 grammes of water contain 34*89 grms. II, and 263 '41 grms. 

 O ; 26 grms. of salts are given off in the urine, and 6 by the freces. 96 "5 grms. of proteid 

 ( = 1-46 grin, per kilo.) are used up by a resting adult in 24 hours ; but while working 107 '6 

 grms. are used. Nominally 2 - 3 times as much fat as albumin are used up. 



The investigations of the Munich School have shown that the following numbers represent 

 the minimum amount of food necessary for different ages : 



Small animals have a more lively metabolism than large ones. In small animals the decom- 

 position of albumin per unit weight of body is greater than in large animals (v. Volt). Small 

 animals as a rule consume more proteid than larger ones, because they generally have less bodily 

 fat (Rubner). 



Relation of N to C. In most of the ordinary articles of diet, nitrogenous and 

 non-nitrogenous substances are present, but in very varying proportion, in the 

 different foods. Man requires that these shall (be in the proportion of 1 : 3J 

 to 1 : 4J. If food be taken in which this proportion is not observed, in order 

 to obtain the necessary amount of that substance which is contained in too small 

 proportion in his food, he must consume far too much food. In order to obtain the 

 130 grammes of proteids necessary a person must use 



Rice, . . 2562 grms. 

 Rye-bread, . 2875 ,, 

 Potatoes, . 10,000 ,, 



provided he were to take only one of these substances as food ; so that if a work- 

 man were to live on potatoes alone, in order to get the necessary amount of N he 

 would have to consume an altogether excessive amount of this kind of food. 



To obtain the 448 grammes of carbohydrates, or the equivalent amount of fat 

 necessary to support him, a man must eat 



572 grms. Peas, . .819 grms. I Cheese, . .2011 grms. 

 625 Eggs, . . 902 Potatoes, . . 2039 



806 Rye-bread, . 930 ,, | Beef, . . 2261 ,, 



so that if he were to live upon cheese or flesh alone, he would require to eat an 



enormous amount of these substances. 



In the case of herbivora, the proportion of nitrogenous to non-nitrogenous food necessarv is 

 1 of the former to 8 or 9 parts of the latter. 



237. HUNGER AND STARVATION. If a warm-blooded animal be deprived 

 Of all food, it must, in order to maintain the temperature of its body and to 

 produce the necessary amount of mechanical work, transform and utilise the 

 potential energy of the constituents of its own body. The result is that its body- 

 weight diminishes from day to day, until death occurs from starvation. 



Rice, . 



Wheat-bread, 



Lentils, 



