LARYNGOSCOPY IMAGE. 



517 



like an arched upper lip ; under it, during normal respiration, are the lancet-shaped 

 glottis (P.) and on each side of it the true vocal cords (L.v). The length of the 

 vocal cord in a child is 6 to 8 mm., in the female 10 to 15 mm. when they are 

 relaxed, and 15 to 20 mm. when tense. In man, the lengths under the same con- 

 ditions are 15 to 20 mm. and 20 to 25 mm. The breadth varies from 2 to 5 mm. 

 On the external side of each vocal cord is the entrance to the sinus of Morgagni 



Fig. 362. 



Position of the vocal cords on uttering a 



high note. 



Fig. 363. 



View of the rings and bifurcation of 



trachea. 





(S.M.), represented as a dark line. Further upwards and more external are (L.v.s.) 

 the upper or false vocal cords. [The upper or false vocal cords are red, the lower or 

 true, white.] On each side of P. are (S.S.), the apices of the cartilages of San- 

 torini, placed upon the apices of 

 the arytenoid cartilages, while 

 immediately behind is the wall of 

 the pharynx, P. In the aryteno- 

 epiglottidean fold are (W.W.) the 

 cartilages of Wrisberg, while out- 

 side these are the depressions (S.p.) 

 constituting the sinus piriformes. 



Luring normal respiration, the 

 glottis has the form of a lancet- 

 shaped slit between the bright, 

 yellowish- white, vocal cords (fig. 

 362). If a deep inspiration be 

 taken, the glottis is considerably 

 widened (fig. 363), and if the 

 mirror be favourably adjusted we 

 may see the rings of the trachea, 

 and even the bifurcation of the 

 trachea. 



If a high note be uttered, the 

 glottis is contracted to a very 

 narrow slit (fig. 362). 



Rhinoscopy. If a small mirror, fixed 

 to a handle at an angle of 100 to 110, 

 be introduced into the pharynx, as 

 shown in fig. 364, and if the mirror be 

 directed upwards, certain structures are * l & 364. 



with difficulty rendered visible (fig. 365). Position of the laryngoscopy mirror in rhinoscopy. 

 In the middle is the septum narium (S.n.), and on each side of it the long oval large posterior 

 nares (Ch.), below this the soft palate (P.m.), with the pendant uvula (U.). In the posterior 

 nares are the posterior extremities of the lower (C.i.), middle {Cm.), and upper turbinated bones 

 (C.s.). At the upper part, a portion of the roof of the pharynx (O.R) is seen, with the arched 

 masses of adenoid tissue lying between the openings of the Eustachian tubes (T.T.), and called 

 by Luschka the pharyngeal tonsils. External to the openings of the Eustachian tube is the 

 tubular eminence (W.), and outside this is the groove of Rosenmuller (R.). 



