854 PUBERTY. 



stitutes the menopause or grand climacteric, whilst in man the formation of 

 seminal fluid has been observed up to old age. From the period of puberty 



Fig. 646. 

 Left broad ligament, Fallopian tube, ovary, and parovarium, a, uterus ; b, isthmus of Fallopian 

 tube ; c, ampulla ; g, fimbriated end of the tube, with the parovarium to its right ; e, 

 ovary ; /, ovarian ligament. 



onwards, the sexual appetite occurs, and the ripe ova are discharged from the 

 ovary. [But ova are discharged even before puberty or menstruation has occurred.] 



At puberty, the internal 

 and external generative 

 organs and their annexes 

 become more vascular and 

 undergo development; the 

 pelvis of the female as- 

 sumes the characteristic 

 female shape. For the 

 changes in the mammae 

 see 230. At the same 

 time hair is developed on 

 the pubes and axilla, and 

 in the male on the face, 

 while the sebaceous glands 

 become larger and more 

 active. 



Other changes occur, espe- 

 cially in the larynx. In the 

 boy the larynx elongates in 

 its antero-posterior diameter, 

 the thyroid, or Adam's apple, becomes more prominent, while the vocal cords lengthen, so that 

 the voice is hoarse, or husky, or "breaks," the voice being lowered at least an octave. In the 

 female the larynx becomes longer, while the compass of the voice is increased. The vital capa- 

 city ( 108), corresponding to the increase in the size of the chest, undergoes a considerable 

 increase ; the whole form and expression assume the characteristic sexual appearance, while the 

 psychical energies also receive an impulse. 



435. MENSTRUATION. External Signs. At regular intervals of time, 

 of 27J-28 days in a mature female, there is a rupture of one or more ripe 

 Graafian follicles, while at the same time there is a discharge of blood from the 



Ciliated 



epithelium. 



Circular 



muscular 



fibres. 



Muscular 

 fibres cut 

 across. 



Fig. 647. 

 Transverse section of the Fallopian tube. 



