vi PREFACE 



the chemistry of a number of the more important constituents. 

 Several drugs not previously dealt with have also been included. 



The general arrangement of the subject-matter has been retained, 

 but in several cases sections have been united or divided. The 

 correct pronunciation of a number of Latin plant-names has been 

 indicated by marking the quantities by the syllables. 



Many of the seventy-seven new figures have been reproduced 

 from original photographs. For those illustrating the various forms 

 of packages I am indebted to Messrs. Wright, Layman & Umney 

 (Figs. 6, 7, 95, 117, 177, 179, 195, 204, 205, 255, 267), and to Dr. 

 Weigel of Hamburg (Figs. 1 to 5). To the Editor of the Pharma- 

 ceutical Journal, the Editor of the Chemist and Druggist, and to Messrs. 

 Chas. Smith, Gowland & Son, who have given permission for the 

 reproduction of illustrations that have appeared in their respective 

 publications, and to the London and India Docks Company, and the 

 proprietors of Bull Wharf who have kindly allowed me to reproduce 

 photographs taken on their premises, my thanks are also due. 



Much information respecting the commerce in drugs has been 

 furnished by Messrs. Caesar & Loretz (Halle a. S.), Messrs. Davy, 

 Hill & Hodgkinson, Messrs. Hearon, Squire & Francis, Messrs. Potter 

 & Clark, and Messrs. Wright, Layman & Umney. The current 

 literature has also been freely laid under contribution. In the work 

 of proof-reading I have been most efficiently aided by Mr. Reginald 

 R. Bennett, B.Sc. 



The student is again strongly advised to make the study of crude 

 drugs as far as possible a practical one. Before commencing any 

 one of the first ten sections the morphology and anatomy of the 

 respective organs should be studied in a text-book of botany. Each 

 drug should be carefully compared with the description given ; 

 differences should be noted, and an explanation sought either from 

 a teacher or from other works. Sketches should be frequently made. 

 In the case of seeds, fruits, barks, roots and rhizomes, the prominent 

 features of the transverse section should also be delineated, if necessary 

 on an enlarged scale. Flowers and leaves may be expanded by 

 soaking them in hot water. The meaning of botanical technical 

 terms, if not precisely known, should be ascertained at the time from 

 a suitable glossary, and a geographical atlas should also be kept at 

 hand for reference. 



H. G. G. 



May 1909. 



