60 LEAVES 



astringent and aromatic. Yield 0-7 per cent, of volatile oil (methyl salicylate) 

 which is not contained in oil- cells but is formed from the glucoside gaultherin 

 by the action of the enzyme gaultherase ; contain, in addition to gaultherin, 

 arbutin and tannin. 



Tylophora Leaves. The leaves of Tylophora asthmatica, Wight and Arnott 

 (N.O. Asckpiadece), India. Leaves yellowish-brown, 5 to 12-5 cm. long, broadly 

 ovate, cordate at base, shortly acuminate, margin entire, upper surface glabrous, 

 under surface with slender, three- to five-celled hairs ; little odour or taste. 

 Contain alkaloid tylophorine ; said to contain an emetic principle. Used as 

 an expectorant and emetic in place of ipecacuanha. 



Eriodictyon (Yerba Santa). Leaves of Eriodictyon californicum, Green (N.O. 

 Hydrophyllacece), California. Oblong lanceolate, 5 to 15 cm. long, 1 to 3 cm. broad, 

 acute ; margin more or less incurved, entire or irregularly serrate ; upper surface 

 yellowish green, smooth, covered with brownish resin ; under surface whitish 

 or yellowish white, reticulated and densely tomentose ; odour and taste aromatic. 

 Contain eriodictyol and four allied substances all of phenolic nature, volatile 

 oil and resin. Used as a bitter tonic and expectorant. 



Duboisia Leaves. The leaves of Duboisia myoporoides, Robert Brown (N.O. 

 Solanacece), Australia, New Caledonia ; from them duboisine sulphate is obtained, 

 a mixture of the sulphates chiefly of hyoscyamine and hyoscine. 



Adhatoda. The leaves of Adhatoda vasica, Nees (N.O. Acanthacece), an Indian 

 shrub. Leaves 10 to 15 cm. long, about 4 cm. broad, entire, lanceolate, shortly 

 petiolate, tapering at base and apex ; brownish green, with characteristic odour 

 and taste ; the epidermis bears one- to three-celled, simple, warty hairs and 

 small hairs with quadricellular secreting gland ; below the epidermis there are 

 cystoliths. Contains vasicine (alkaloid), volatile oil, and possibly a second 

 alkaloid ; used as an expectorant. 



Boldo Leaves. The leaves of Peumus Boldus, Molina, (N.O. Monimiacece), 

 Chili. Leaves ovate or elliptical, 4 to 8 cm. long, shortly petiolate, greyish- 

 green, coriaceous, brittle; margin entire, slightly revolute ; both surfaces 

 with numerous emergences each crowned with a group of one-celled, thick- 

 walled hairs (easily broken off) ; in the mesophyll numerous oil-cells ; aromatic 

 odour; pungent, camphoraceous, bitter taste. Contain volatile oil, boldine 

 (alkaloid), and boldoglucin (glucoside). Used as a diuretic and liver stimulant. 



