FRUITS 85 



3. DEHISCENT MONOCARPELLARY FRUITS 



(a) The Follicle, a superior one-celled, one- or many-seeded fruit 



dehiscing by one suture only (star anise). 



(b) The Legume, a superior one-celled, one- or many-seeded fruit 



dehiscing by both sutures (senna pod, tamarind). 



4. DEHISCENT POLYCARPELLARY FRUITS 



The Capsule, a superior one or more celled, many-seeded, dry, 

 dehiscent fruit (poppy head). Fruits which differ from the 

 capsule in being inferior are often termed capsular (cardamom) ; 

 the siliqua, a superior, spuriously two-celled, many-seeded, 

 long, narrow fruit dehiscing by two valves from below upwards 

 (mustard) and the silicula, which differs from the siliqua only 

 in being short and broad, are varieties of the capsule. 



B. SPURIOUS FRUITS 



The Pome, an inferior, indehiscent, two or more celled, few-seeded, 

 fleshy fruit, the flesh being generally considered to be the 

 enlarged calyx-tube (quince). 



C. COLLECTIVE FRUITS 



(a) The Cone, an elongated fruit composed of a number of indurated 



scales, each of which bears one or more seeds on its inner surface. 



(b) The Galbulus differs from the cone in being more or less rounded ; 



the scales are sometimes fleshy (juniper berry). 



(c) The Strobile resembles the cone, but the scales are membranous, 



and the seeds are contained in carpels (hop). 



(d) The Syconus is formed of an enlarged hollow and more or less 



succulent receptacle which bears a number of separate flowers 

 on its inner surface (fig). 



STAR ANISE FRUIT 



(Fructus Anisi Stellati) 



Source, &C. Star anise fruit is the ripe fruit of Illicium verum, 

 Hooker films (N.O. Magnoliacece], a small tree indigenous to the 

 southern and south-western provinces of China. Only a small pro- 

 portion of the harvest is exported, the bulk being used in China for 

 the distillation of the volatile oil. 



Description. Star anise fruit is apocarpous, and consists normally 

 of eight one-seeded ovaries. In the flower these are erect, but as the 



