SAPPAN 229 



}. Logwood is largely used as a dye and in the manufacture 

 of inks. Much of it is converted for these purposes into an aqueous 

 extract containing about 50 per cent, of haematoxylin and from 10 

 to 30 per cent, of hsematein. Medicinally, it is employed occasionally 

 as a mild astringent. 



SAPPAN 



(Sappan) 



Source, &c. Sappan is the heartwood of Caesalpinia Sappan, 

 Linne (N.O. Leguminosce) , a tree indigenous to India and the Malay 

 Archipelago. 



Description. The wood occurs in hard, heavy billets of varying 

 size, usually 2 to 6 inches or more in diameter, consisting of the orange 

 red heartwood to which a little of the whitish sapwood still adheres. 

 Sometimes the wood is reduced to orange red chips. The trans- 

 verse section exhibits well-marked concentric rings, numerous narrow 

 medullary rays and large vessels. It has no odour, but a slightly 

 astringent taste. The tincture and decoction have a reddish colour 

 which changes to carmine on the addition of solution of sodium 

 hydroxide (compare Logwood). 



Constituents. Sappan wood contains brasilin (see below). 



Note. Brazil wood is the heartwood of Caesalpinia brasiliensis, Linne, Brazil, 

 Guiana, West Indies, &c., and other species. Outer surface (after exposure to 

 the air) dark reddish or nearly black, the freshly cut surface reddish brown ; 

 vessels smaller than in sappan ; decoction coloured carmine by alkalies ; contains 

 brasilin, C 16 H 14 O 5 , yellowish, which in alkaline solution readily oxidises to 

 brasilein, C 16 H 12 6 ,H 2 0, deep red. 



Peachwood is the heartwood of C. echinata, Lamark and also contains brasilin. 



Fustic from Chlorophora tinctoria, Gaudich, South America, contains a yellow 

 colouring matter morin or moric acid, C 15 H 10 7 , 2H 2 O, together with maclurin ; 

 with alum mordants it dyes intense yellow. 



Hungarian fustic is obtained from Khus Cotinus, Linne (N.O. Anacardiacece) 

 contains a glucoside fustin which yields by hydrolysis the yellow colouring 

 substance, fisetin, C 15 H 10 O 6 ,4H 2 0, a flavonol derivative closely allied to morin. 



RED SANDERS WOOD 



(Red Sandal Wood, Lignum Pterocarpi) 



Source, &C. Red sanders wood is the heartwood of Pterocarpus 

 santalinus, Linne filius (N.O. Leguminosce), a small tree indigenous 

 to Southern India and the Philippine Islands. During the Middle 

 Ages it was classed as a spice and used for culinary purposes, and 

 at one time it was supposed to possess medicinal properties ; it is 

 now employed solely as a colouring agent. 



