324 SUBTERRANEAN ORGANS 



the former being due, partly at least, to adhering particles of earth. 

 Very characteristic of the root is the annulated appearance that it 

 presents, the bark of typical pieces being constricted at short intervals 

 so as to resemble a number of discs somewhat irregularly strung 



FIG. 165. A, Brazilian Ipecacuanha (P. Ipecacuanha) 

 cultivated in Selangor. B, Cartagena Ipecacuanha. 

 Large specimens. Natural size. 



together ; the constrictions are sometimes quite shallow, but some- 

 times they penetrate nearly to the wood. These annulations seldom, 

 however, take the form of distinct, rather distant, narrow, raised 

 ridges (compare Cartagena ipecacuanha). 



The root is hard and breaks with a very short fracture. The 

 transverse section exhibits a thick, dark grey bark which is usually 

 horny, but sometimes starchy, and a small wood in which no distinct 

 pores or pith can be discerned when examined with a lens. The bark, 



