408 



STARCHES, GLANDS, &c. 



Lupulin is generally very impure, as indeed it must be if it re- 

 presents simply the sifted sweepings of the hop-floors, but the glands 

 themselves are easily recognised under the microscope, and as easily 

 distinguished from accidental (sand, debris of the strobiles, &c.) 

 or intentional impurities. 



Constituents. Lupulin contains volatile oil, bitter principles, 

 resin, wax, and traces of alkaloids, volatile acids, &c. (compare 

 ' Hops,' p. 127). Pure lupulin yields to ether about 80 per cent, of 

 its weight, and affords about 2'5 per cent, of ash. Commercial 

 lupulin, however, often gives from 10 to 25 per cent, or even more ash, 

 and yields from 40 to 70 per cent to ether. By keeping, lupulin 



gradually darkens in colour 

 and acquires an unpleasant 

 odour. 



Uses. Lupulin is occa- 

 sionally employed as a 

 stomachic tonic, and also 

 as an hypnotic to promote 

 sleep. 



FIG. 227. Lupulin. 1 and 2, side views ; 3, seen 

 from below. Magnified 100 diam. (Vogl.) 



KAMALA 



(Kamala) 



Source, &c. Kamala con- 

 sists of the glands and 

 hairs that cover the fruits 

 of Mallotus philippinensis, 

 Miiller Argoviensis (N.O. 

 Euphorbiacece) , a small tree 

 widely distributed through- 

 out India, Ceylon, the Malay Archipelago, Australia, &c. 



The drug, which has probably been used in India for many cen- 

 turies as a dye-stuff, was known to the Arabian physicians of the 

 tenth century, and at the present time still retains in the Indian 

 bazaars its Arabic name, wars. It was introducd into European 

 medicine as a vermifuge about 1858. "It is collected chiefly in Orissa 

 (south-west of Calcutta), Bengal, and Bombay. 



The tree produces three-celled capsular fruits about the size of 

 a large pea, and more or less completely covered with a red powder. 

 These fruits are gathered, dried, and thrown into a basket, where 

 they are shaken and rubbed with the hands ; the red powder covering 

 them is detached, and, falling through the basket, is caught on a cloth 

 placed beneath it. This powder, which consists of the stalked glands 

 and stellate hairs from the surface of the fruits, constitutes the drug. 



