410 



STARCHES, GLANDS, &c. 



phloroglucin. The drug also contains a yellow crystalline substance, 

 a red and a yellow resin, and wax. Isorottlerin (Perkin) appears 

 to be impure rottlerin. 



If quite pure, kamala yields about 1-5 per cent, of ash, but this 

 amount is usually exceeded by the commercial drug, even when of 

 good quality, from which from 3 to 5 or even 10 per cent, may be 

 obtained. 



Adulteration, &C. Kamala is often grossly adulterated with ferric 

 oxide or with a ferruginous sand, or with brick dust, inferior qualities 

 of the drug yielding 50 per cent, or even more ash. Its quality may 

 be roughly judged by throwing a little on to the surface of water ; 

 kamala will float, but most adulterants will sink. Substitutes for 

 kamala consisting of ground safflower (florets of Carthdmus tinc- 



torius, Linne), dyed starch, 

 &c., have been observed, but 

 are easily detected by the 

 microscope. 



Uses. Kamala is an effi- 

 cacious remedy for tape- 

 worm, expelling the w^orm 

 and producing free pur- 



FIG. 230. Glands (a and 6) and hairs (c) of a 

 species of Flemingia. Magnified 140 diam. 

 (Vogl.) 



Substitute. True wars or 

 wurus, a drug analogous to 

 kamala, is obtained in 

 southern Arabia and Africa 

 from the fruits of Flemingia 



congesta, Roxburgh (N.O. Leguminosce) . The drug has a dull pur- 

 plish colour, and is seen under the miscroscope to consist of glands 

 composed of several tiers of elongated cells (not radiating from a 

 common centre), mixed with which are single (not grouped) hairs ; it 

 is therefore easily distinguished from kamala. It contains flemingin, 

 which is analogous to, but not identical with, rottlerin ; red and orange 

 brown resins and homoflemingin are also present in it. 



COTTON 



(Cotton Wool, Gossypium) 



Source, &C. Cotton wool consists of the hairs of the seed of 

 Gossypium barbddense, Linne (N.O. Malvaceae), and other species 

 of Gossypium. 



The cotton plants, of which many varieties exist, are either herbs, 



