746 



A TEXTBOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY 



THE ENGLISH VOWEL SOUNDS. 



Aj as in father. 

 Ag ,, ball. 

 Ag ,, hat. 

 A 4 gate. 

 Ej ,, me. 

 E, ,, men. 



too. 



not. 



00 



Ox 



2 



no. 



Consonants may be classified as follows: To note the difference 

 between voiced and voiceless, say " wonderful," and note the break 

 in the voice at /. 



CONSONANTS. 



Explosives. B: Vocalized, lips shut and burst open. 



P: The same, only not vocalized. 



D : Tongue applied to upper teeth, vocalization, and tongue with- 

 drawn suddenly so that blast explodes out. 



T : The same, only silent. 



G: Breath stopped by tongue against palate. 



K: The same, silent. 



Qu: Soft palate and back of tongue act as stop. 



Vibratives. S: Tip of tongue close to front teeth, and air hisses 

 out between. 



Z: A vocalised hiss. 



Sh : Tongue close to hard palate in front. 



R burred: Tip of tongue drawn as far back as possible and close 

 to palate. 



R trilled: Vibration of front of tongue against front teeth. 



