458 . PHYSIOLOGY. 



PHOSPHOEIC SEDIMENTS. The phosphoric sediments consist 

 chiefly of crystallized ammonio-magnesium phosphate, coffin-lid 

 shaped crystals, and of calcium phosphate. 



The phosphoric sediments are readily distinguished by the 

 alkaline reaction of the urine and by their insolubility by heat (by 

 which the urates are dissolved), and phosphoric crystals are distin- 

 guished from oxalic by their solubility in acetic acid. 



The phosphoric sediments acquire importance only when they 

 are formed within the bladder, either by purulent products or by 

 excessive retention of urine, as in paralysis. 



Sediments in TJrine. ACID URINE. Uric Acid. Ehombic 

 prisms, square plates, cubes, ovoids or rosettes, or whetstone or 

 dumb-bell crystals. 



Urates. Brick-dust or lateritious sediment, irregular amor- 

 phous granules of a brownish or pink color. They are composed of 

 sodium acid urate and potassium acid urate. They dissolve when 

 urine is heated. 



Calcic Oxalate. In octahedral crystals, or envelope crystals, or 

 dumb-bell crystals. They are insoluble in acetic acid and soluble in 

 hydrochloric acid. Cystin appears in six-sided tablets having an 

 opalescent luster or four-sided square prisms lying separately. Eare. 



Leucin appears in yellowish, highly refracting spherules. Eare. 



Tyrosin appears in fine, colorless needles arranged in sheaf-like 

 collections or rosettes. Eare. 



Neutral calcium phosphate crystals of colorless needles, which 

 group themselves with points in a common center. Eare. 



SEDIMENTS IN ALKALINE URINE. 1. Amorphous. Earthy phos- 

 phates; fine granules dissolving in acetic acid without evolution of 

 carbon dioxide. 



2. Calcium carbonate in two shapes: (a) fine granules soluble 

 with effervescence in dilute acetic acid; (b) dumb-bell or spheroidal 

 masses, dissolving in dilute acetic acid with evolution of carbon 

 dioxide; rare. 



3. Acid ammonium urate. Pigmented spheres, which dissolve 

 in hydrochloric acid and then crystals of uric acid separate. 



4. Ammonium-magnesium phosphate. Coffin-lid crystals. 

 ALBUMOSURIA. In cases of osteomalacia, albumoses are found. 

 PEPTONURIA. In the stage of resolution of pneumonia and in 



cases of suppuration, the breaking up of the leucocytes or pus-cor- 

 puscles produces a peptone, or, more correctly, a deutero-proteose, 

 which appears in the urine. 



