THE MUSCLES. 543 



If syntonin in HCl solution have pepsin added to it, the syntonin 

 is translormed into peptone. 



Muscle-serum. In the coagulation of blood two principal com- 

 ponents are noted: the clot and the serum floating upon the clot. 

 Also, after coagulation of the muscular juice, myosin and serum must 

 be distinguished. 



The muscle-serum which floats upon the surface of the myosiit 

 contains several substances. 



The amount of proteid matters contained in the muscular tissues 

 is very variable. It is usually stated that in 100 parts, by weight, 

 of muscle, there are 20 parts of proteid matters. 



EXTRACTIVES. Creatinin is derived from creatin by dehydra- 

 tion. The amount of creatinin in muscle is small, being but 0.2 per 

 cent. 



Hypoxanthin and xanthin occur to the extent of about 0.02 per 

 cent. 



Halliburton found a myosin- ferment. Its presence would seem 

 to explain the coagulation of myosin. 



GLYCOGEN. Among the nonnitrogenized substances must first 

 be classed the sugars and their analogues. Olycogen is the principal 

 muscle-starch. The glycogen in the muscles was discovered by 

 Claude Bernard while looking for the glycogen in the liver of the 

 foetus and newborn. He found in the muscles of the embryo quanti- 

 ties of glycogen that were relatively enormous. Glycogen exists in 

 all of the muscles. 



The more active the state of a muscle, the less glycogen it con- 

 tains. Therefore, much of it is found in those muscles which con- 

 ?t but little. 



Muscle extract and pancreatic activator when mixed together 

 ipidly destroy sugar in the blood, probably by the formation of a 

 >rment. Either extract alone is powerless to break up glucose, 

 lese two extracts resemble the action of enterokinase upon trypsin- 

 jen. 



INOSITE. It is a sort of crystallizable body that is unferment- 

 )le. That is, it does not ferment to form alcohol, but lactic acid. 

 is found in the vegetable kingdom also, where it is usually extracted 

 Tom peas or beans. It is identical with the inosite of muscle. It 



I is not a sugar, but belongs to the aromatic series. 

 MINERAL SUBSTANCES. Alkaline phosphates predominate. In 

 i 100 parts of ash there are about 90 parts of phosphates. The metals 

 >und in muscle are potassium, sodium, and calcium; there is also 



