94 THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION 



Cl. Bernard describes in a classical fashion this 

 double side of vital activity : ' La force vitale dirige des 

 phenomenes, qu'elle ne produit pas, les agents physiques 

 produisent des phenomenes qu'ils ne dirigent pas/ l 



4. By these words there is a new deduction expressed, 

 viz. that the conduct and constant regulation (' direc- 

 tion ') of the inorganic powers must have a special 

 course of their own. Cl. Bernard uses for this the 

 words ' force vital ' (vital force), but does not think of 

 embracing therein any of the other known forms of 

 energy of equal power, but can only identify them with 

 the organizations themselves. 



J. Reinke calls the cause (or causes) of the 

 purposeful direction of the purely material energies 

 ' Dominants/ and explains the term as follows : ' In 

 the organisms work is done by energy by the 

 Dominants the work to be done by energy is deter- 

 mined/ ' Their existence is therefore a necessity, 

 because without them only purposeless forces, first 

 hand (erster Hand), would be active ; we see, how- 

 ever, in point of fact, that both the chemical and 

 the constructive processes in plants and animals 

 proceed purposefully and in unison/ 3 



H. Driesch demands the acceptance of ' Entelechia/ 

 The word ( Entelechia ' signifies the inner conformity 

 of living bodies ; in a wider sense, ' the actual, elementary 



1 Cl. Bernard : Lemons sur les Phenomenes de la Vie, I, p. 51. Vital 

 force directs phenomena which it does not produce ; the physical agents 

 produce phenomena which they do not direct. 



2 Die Welt als Tat, p. 292. 



3 Ibid. 



