238 



INDEX 



Cordaites : first appearance in the 

 Silurian formation, 54 ; further 

 development, 55, 56, 60. 



Cryptogams (non-seed plants) : 

 history very imperfectly known, 

 54, 64 ; systematic classification, 

 122 f. 



Cuvier, G., 9, 117. 



DARWIN, CH., 12, 157-163, 168. 



Darwinism : chief conception of 

 Darwinism as a specific hypo- 

 thesis of evolution, 157 ff. ; 

 criticism, 159 ff. 



Deperet, Ch., 13, 25-36, 43-48, 

 162, 166, 167, 170, 226, 227, 

 230 f., 233. 



Descent, Theory of : definition of 

 the problem, 3 ; historical origin, 

 3-17 ; ' Descent ' and ' Evolu- 

 tion,' 14 ; theory really only a 

 postulate, 17 ; positive founda- 

 tion of same, 23-76, 164-228. 



De Vries, H., 168. 



Differentiation : meaning of term, 

 36 ; law of, with animals, 35-41 ; 

 law of, with plants, 67-71. 



Doflein, F., 182. 



Driesch, H., 91, 94, 159, 160, 161, 

 180, 225. 



EMBRYOLOGICAL evidence : em- 

 bryogeny can explain the former 

 appearance of organisms, 202 ff . ; 

 examples, 205-212 ; affords no 

 evidence concerning origin of the 

 types themselves, 216 ; in the 

 sense of a ' biogenetic funda- 

 mental law,' must be discarded, 

 217-228. 



Engler and Prantl, Textbook of, 

 58, 63. 



Evolution : meaning of term, 13 ; 

 results of palaeontology regarding 



higher formation proper, 34, 

 48 ff. ; results of palseo-botany, 

 61 ff., 75 ; evolution as postulate, 

 83-138. 



FERN growth (in a wider sense). 

 See Pteridophytes. 



Ferns (proper), yield the first 

 certain plant remains, 53, 62 ; 

 differentiation of the groups in 

 the carboniferous formation, 69 f . ; 

 systematic position, 124, 127. 



Flat fish (soles), examples of em- 

 bryological evidence, 208 f. 



Flowering plants. See Phanerogams. 



Formation, geological, 21. 



Forms, intermediate. See Transi- 

 tional forms. 



Fossils, attempts at explanation, 5 ; 

 determination of age, 18 ff. ; 

 conditions of their formation, 49. 



France, R., 150, 151, 152, 154, 155. 



Franz, B., 139-144. 



GENERATION, alternation of, 123. 



Generation, spontaneous : defini- 

 tion, 85 ; impossibility of, 86-96 ; 

 vain attempts to render it com- 

 prehensible, 97-108. 



Ginkgo : first traces, 55 ; true 

 ginkgos, 60 ; transformation in 

 the Jura formation, 71 ; systema- 

 tic position, 125, 137 ; no tran- 

 sitional form, 132. 



Gothan, W., 51 f., 61, 63, 64, 68, 71, 

 74. 



Graff, L. v., 178, 180, 183 ff. 



Gymnosperms (naked-seeded) : the 

 first representatives (Cordaites), 

 54 ff. ; widely distributed in the 

 carboniferous formation, 58 f. ; 

 greatest development in the 

 Mesozoic formation, 60 ; no 



