240 



INDEX 



PALAEONTOLOGY, results of : con- 

 cerning animal development, 

 23-49 ; concerning plant develop- 

 ment, 49-76 ; comparison with 

 the results of systematic classi- 

 fication of the present animals 

 and plants, 129-138 ; palaeon- 

 tology and the ' basal, bio- 

 genetic law,' 225 ff., 231. 



Palseontological law of evolution : 

 for animals, 34-49 ; for plants, 

 65-75. 



Parasites (parasitism) : meaning of 

 term, 178 ; parasites may be 

 recognized as retrograded forms 

 of a definite type (by adaptation), 

 179, 183 ff. ; probable origin of 

 parasitism, 183, 187 ; parasitism 

 gives rise to peculiar forms, 

 impure ' orders ' and ' classes,' 

 183 ff. 



Parasitica : example for embryo- 

 logical evidence, 206 f. 



Pauly, A., 147, 150, 152, 154, 155, 

 156. 



Perfection, grades of (heights of 

 organization) : criteria (higher 

 differentiation), 118 ; extent of 

 the purposeful relations with the 

 outer world, 139 ff. ; equivalent 

 to ' types,' 229. 



Pfeffer, W., 91, 113. 



Phanerogams (seed or flowering 

 plants) : first occurrence in the 

 Silurian formation (Cordaites), 

 54 ; further development, 55 ff. ; 

 no genetic connection between 

 the various classes, 64 ; sys- 

 tematic classification, 125 f. 



Plant geography. See Animal geo- 

 graphy. 



Plants : are those living beings 

 which display no consciousness 

 and therefore have none, 110 f. ; 

 assumed sense organs in such 



organisms, 115 f. ; spontaneous 

 transformation to animals, i.e. 

 to beings with consciousness, 

 excluded, 116 f . ; systematic 

 classification, 122-129. 



Plants, fossil : first certain traces 

 in the Silurian formation, 53 ; 

 process of evolution, 54-62. 



Postulates of the theory of evolu- 

 tion, 80 ff. ; examination of the 

 chief postulates, 83-138. 



Potonie, H., 50, 55, 68, 72, 73. 



Pre-Cambrian formation (Algon- 

 kian) : discoveries of fossils, 23. 



Proto - calamariaceae. See Cala- 

 mariacese. 



Pteridophytes : form the greater 

 part of the carbonaceous flora, 

 55, 60 ; systematic position, 124 ; 

 classes, 127. 



Pteridosperms, 58 ff., 63, 132. 



REGRESSION, law of, with animals, 

 44 f., 181 ; with plants, 73 ff., 

 186 ; regression and rudiment, 

 213 ff. 



Reinke, L, 64, 71, 85, 91, 94, 95, 

 101, 104, 106, 107, 136, 138. 



Rudiments, definition of, 213 ; cri- 

 teria of existence, 214 ; examples, 

 215 f . ; unreliable acceptance 

 of so-called ' rudiments,' 217- 

 228. 



SALAMANDER, example of embryo- 

 logical evidence, 209 ff. 



Scheuchzer, J. J., 6. 



Seed plants. See Phanerogams. 



Selenka, E., 118ff. 



Sigillaria, 56, 60, 66 ; predecessors, 

 54 ; differentiation of the groups, 

 27. 



Sinety, R., 157. 



