14 



BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 



roots from being thrown to the surface by al- 

 ternate freezing and thawing, a mound of earth 

 hoed up around the plants, or a ridge thrown 

 up with a plow, so as to elevate the ground 

 somewhat in the rows, will be found to afford 

 all the protection necessary. By no means de- 

 lay planting till late in spring (after May first 

 here), and if your ground is not ready in time, 

 you had much better cultivate it with corn or 

 hoed crops of some kind, and postpone planting 

 until next fall. Planting in rows, six feet apart, 

 is now the usual method ; it gives sufficient space 

 for a horse and man to pass through with plow 

 or cultivator; the distance in the rows varies 

 somewhat with the growth of the 

 different varieties and the rich- 

 ness of the soil . Most of our vig- 

 orous, strong growers, the Con- 

 cord, Ives. Hartford, Clinton, 

 Taylor, Norton, Herbemont, will 

 need eight to ten feet in the rows ; .... 



Scuppernongs are planted 20 to 

 30 feet apart; while the Dela- 

 ware, Catawba, Creveling, lona, '? 

 may have sufficient room when d^^W^^^HHI 

 planted six feet apart. The 

 dwarfing treatment practiced with European 

 varieties, especially by German vintners, will 

 not do for American vines, which must have 

 ample room to spread and a free circulation 

 of air. The number of vines required to set 

 an acre (containing 43,560 square feet), will 

 be: 



DISTANCE, FEET. 



5 ft. 



6 ft. 



6 ft. 



7 ft. 



8 ft. 



5 ft. by 



5 ft. by 



6 ft. by 

 6 ft. by 

 6 ft. by 



6 ft. by 9 ft. 



6 ft. by 10 ft. 



7 ft. by 7 ft. 

 7 ft. by 8 ft. 

 7 ft. by 9 ft. 



by 10 ft. 

 by 8ft. 

 by 9 ft. 

 by 10 ft. 

 9 ft. by 9 ft. 

 9 ft. by 10 ft. 

 10 ft. by 10 ft. 

 1 acre = 41 

 nearly equal to 



7 ft. 

 8ft. 



8 ft. 

 8 ft 



m54by I m 54 1,742 



m 54 by 1^85 1,452 



m 85 by lm85 1,210 



m 85 by 2m 15 1,037 



m 85 by 2 46 907 



m 85 by 2m 75 807 



m 85 by 8 m 725 



2m 15 by 2m 15 889 



2m 15 by 2m 46 777 



2 m 15 by 2 m 75 690 



2 m 15 by 3 m 622 



2m 46 by 2m 46 680 



2m 46 by 2m 75 605 



2 m 46 by 3 m 544 



2m 75 by 2m 75 537 



2m 75 by 3m 484 



3m by 3m 435 



ares French measure, or one Hectare 

 two and a half acres. 



Having determined the distance at which you 

 desire to plant the vines, mark off the rows, 

 running them parallel, and with the most level 

 lines of your slope or hillside, so that you may 

 easily plow between the rows and that the 



ground may not wash. (Oa an eastern slope 

 the rows will therefore run in a direction from 

 north to south, which most vine dressers pre- 

 fer.) Be careful, on sloping ground, to leave 

 spaces for surface drains, the steeper the hill- 

 sides the more frequent must these surface 

 drains be. Then divide the rows into the de- 

 sired distances, by the aid of a stretched line, 

 and put small stakes where each plant is to 

 stand. Now, if the ground is sufficiently dry so 

 as to pulverize well, make the holes to receive 

 the vines, as shown in fig. 19. The depth of 

 these holes must necessarily vary somewhat with 

 the nature of the soil. On very steep hillsides, 



Fig. 19. 



% 



and especially on southern slopes, with natu- 

 rally warm, dry .soil, you must plant deeper 

 than on gentle slopes with deep, rich soil, or on 

 bottom land and rich prairies. Eight inches 

 will be deep enough on the latter; on the former 

 we should plant from twelve to fourteen inches 

 deep. 



Having made the holes, and it is best not to 

 make too many at a time, as the ground will dry 

 out too quickly, you can go to planting. 



We do not intend to discuss here the various 

 modes of multiplication or propagation of grape 

 vines from cuttings, layers or single eyes (buds), 

 still less the production of new varieties from 

 seed and Hybridizing, as this would far exceed 

 the scope of this brief Manual, nor do we desire 

 to say whether you should plant cuttings or 

 rooted plants, and whether plarts grown from 

 cuttings, from single eyes or layers, are prefer- 

 able. Propagators and nurserymen are not 

 considered disinterested, impartial judges on 

 this question. But we may reasonably suppose 

 that those who read this catalogue are either 

 our customers or desire to purchase rooted vines 

 from us, and want to get the best plants. Vines 

 raised from layers were in former years held to 

 be superior, aud are still preferred by many, 

 but unprejudiced and observing cultivators 

 have found that they only look stronger and 

 finer, but are not as good as plants properly 



