DESCRIPTION OF YAK1ETIES. 



43 



By these experiments it was found that the 

 Concord shows a strong tendency to produce 

 white seedlings, of which Martha was the earli- 

 est, and became one of the leading varieties. 



JEva and Macedonia, both raised by Sam. 

 Miller from Concord seed, were similar, but not 

 superior to Martha, and therefore abandoned 

 by him. 



Golden Concord, by John Yalle, of New 

 Haven, Mo., is also so nearly identical with 

 Martha that we do not think it deserves propa- 

 gation a? a distinct variety. 



F. JS/Tuench, F. J. Langendorfer, J. Balsiger 

 and many others have raised white Concord 

 seedlings ; some of these may prove far superior 

 to Martha, (one especially, Balsiger's No. 32, 

 has hardly any foxiness about it ; its must weigh- 

 ing 84, was ripe on the 15th of August in our 

 latitude, and hanging firmly to the vine in good 

 condition till October.) If on longer trial any 

 of them prove so superior, then, and only then, 

 will they be named and disseminated. 



The Lady (see description,) is claimed to be 

 an improvement on the Martha, and is recom- 

 mended as such by good authority. 



Greater improvements, however, have been 

 achieved by hybridizing the Concord with Euro- 

 pean varieties; but while grapes of superior 

 quality were thus produced, their hardiness, 

 health and productiveness is generally doubted. 

 (See " Hybrids," in Manual.) 



Concord Chasselas. A Concord Hybrid 

 from Concord seed ; by Geo. W. Campbell, of 

 Delaware, O., who describes it as follows: 



"Bunch rather long, usually shouldered, 

 handsomely compact, without being crowded ; 

 berries large, round; skin very thin but tena- 

 cious, and semi-transparent ; seeds few and very 

 small; color, when fully ripe, a rich amber with 

 thin white bloom, almost identical in appear- 

 ance with the foreign Golden Chasselas ; flesh 

 perfectly tender and melting, just enough vinous 

 acid to prevent cloying the most delicate palate. 

 Wholly free from any vestige of foxiness, and a 

 grape that will satisfy the most fastidious taste, 

 formed upon the foreign standard ; ripens same 

 time as the Concord. The vine is very vigorous 

 in growth ; large foliage, thick and abundant, 

 resisting mildew in fully exposed locations 

 here, as well as the Concord; and will prob- 

 bably succeed in all regions where the Amer- 

 ican grape can be successfully and profitably 

 grown. 



Cottage. (Labr.) A seedling of the Concord 

 raised by E. W. Bull, the originator of that va- 

 riety. A strong, vigorous grower, with re- 

 markably large and leathery leaves, and abund- 

 ant, strong, branching roots ; bunch and ber- 

 ries about the size of Concord, but of a some- 

 what darker shade; ripens before Concord; 

 quality better than the parent, with less of the 

 foxiness peculiar to the other. Promises well 

 as a resistant to Phylloxera. 



Mr. Bull in his successful efforts to improve our na- 

 tive grapes, began by sowing the seeds of a wild grape 

 (V. Labrusca), from which he raised seedlings. He 

 then sowed the seed raised from these, and obtained 

 others, among wbich the Concord. He then raised 2000 

 seedlings before he got any that surpassed the Concord. 

 In the fourth generation, or grandchildren of the Con- 

 cord, he obtained seedlings far superior to the Concord 

 and nearly equal to the European grape (V. Vinifera). 

 There seems to be no reasonable doubt that, as Mr. 

 Bull tninks, the wild grape can, in a few generations, 

 be made equal in quality to the European vine. U. S. 

 Agr. Report for 1867. 



Cowan, or McCowan. (Cord.) Bunch and lerry 

 medium; black, rather harsh and austere. Not desira- 

 ble. j 



Creveling. Syn. CATAWISSA, BLOOM, CO- 

 LUMBIA COUNTY. (Labr. ) Pennsylvania. 

 Bunches long, loose on young vines, but on old 

 ones sometimes as compact as Concords ; berries 

 medium to large, slightly oval, black, with blue 

 bloom ; flesh tender, juicy and sweet; quality 

 best ; ripens early, a few days later than Hart- 

 ford, and before Concord. Vine a fair grower, 

 healthy and hardy ; may be planted 6 by 6 feet 

 apart, on northern and northeastern hillsides. 

 Roots thick and warty, and comparatively few ; 

 texture soft, with a thick liber, forming young 

 fibers rather slowly ; canes long and rambling, 

 slender, long jointed, and with few laterals; 

 wood soft, of a reddish color, with a large pith. 



In all these characteristics there is not a trace 

 of the JEstivalis, fop which class some would 

 claim the Creveling. 



This grape was for a time rapidly growing in 

 favor, but has not deserved it, as it is often very 

 unproductive, setting its fruit imperfectly. In 

 favorable seasons and on good, well worked, 

 tolerably rich soil, it gives a remunerative, 

 early and delicious table fruit. No garden or 

 amateur collection should be without it. 



Mr. Husmann says it makes an exquisite 

 claret wine, intermediate between the Concord 

 and Nortons in body, and superior in flavor to 

 either. Must, 88. 



