PEARS. 419 



Propagation. 



Pears are propagated by budding and grafting, either 

 upon the common Pear stock or upon the Quince. The 

 Pear stock is intended, and indeed it is the only one, 

 for all such varieties of the Pear as are intended for open 

 standards, or for orchard planting ; and it is probably the 

 best, also, generally speaking, for such other sorts as are 

 intended for training against walls, where durability is 

 required. 



The Quince stock, for Pears, has long since been 

 made use of by the French gardeners, and for almost 

 every purpose ; but in this country it is used only for 

 such sorts as are intended for open dwarfs, and those low 

 standards lately introduced by the French, and trained, 

 as they term it, en quenouille, from its faint resemblance 

 in form to the distaff formerly used in spinning. 



These latter occupy but little space in a garden, are 

 productive, and the fruit they produce is far superior to 

 that which is grown upon the common standard. 



In raising of Standard Pears for the orchard, it is 

 necessary to have strong stocks, and such as have been 

 quartered out, at least two years, in order that they may 

 throw up the young shoot with vigour. As I have 

 stated before, it is by far the most preferable way to bud 

 them instead of grafting them ; by this method, many 

 of the most vigorous will attain a height of six or seven 

 feet the first year of their growth, and make fine stand- 

 ards the second, whilst those sorts possessing less vigour 

 will come in the year following. 



For Dwarfs, those which have been grafted are the 

 best, as the plant divides itself into branches the first 

 year, and more regularly so than those which have been 

 obtained from grafts will in the second. 



Those for training en quenouille, as just stated, must 

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