Allovs 



THE NONMETALLIC MINEEALS. 257 



Spiegeleisen r.. , . 



_f 1 Alloys of manganese and iron. 



Ferrornanganese (^ 



/Alloys of manganese and copper, with or 

 Manganese bronze.. ( without iron> 



{An alloy of manganese, aluminum, zinc, 

 and copper, with a certain quantity of 

 silicon. 



Alloys of manganese with aluminum, zinc, tin, lead, mag- 

 nesium, etc. 



Manufacture of chlorine. 

 Manufacture of bromine. 



As a decolorizer of glass (also for coloring glass, see coloring 

 materials). 



Oxidizers Ag & dryer in varnishes and paints. 



LeClanche's battery. 

 Preparation of oxygen on a small scale. 



Manufacture of disinfectants (manganates and permanganates). 

 j-Calico printing and dyeing. 



Coloring glass, pottery, and brick. 

 Coloring materials ..< ,.,-, 



l paints Wet 



Besides these main uses a certain amount is utilized as a flux in 

 smelting silver ores, and, in the form of its various salts, is employed 

 in chemical manufacture and for medicinal purposes. Pyrolusite and 

 some forms of psilomelane are utilized in the manufacture of chlorine, 

 and for bleaching, deodorizing, and disinfecting purposes. For this 

 purpose the ore must be very pure and free from iron, lime carbonates, 

 and alkalies. It is also utilized in the manufacture of bromine. 



In glass manufacture the manganese is used to accomplish two 

 different results: First, to remove the green color caused by the 

 presence of iron, and second, to impart violet, amber, and black colors. 



According to Mr. J. D. Weeks 1 the amount of manganese actually 

 used for other than strictly metallurgical purposes in the United States 

 is small. 



The value of a manganese ore depends somewhat upon the uses to 

 which it is to be applied. 



Pyrolusite and psilomelane only are of value in the production of 

 chlorine as above noted. These are rated, as stated by Penrose, 

 according to their percentages of peroxide of manganese (MnO 2 ). 

 The standard for the German ores is given at 57 per cent MnO 2 and 

 70 per cent for Spanish. For the manufacture of spiegeleisen the 

 prices are based on ores containing not more than 8 per cent silica 

 and 0.10 per cent phosphorus, and are subject to deductions as follows: 

 For each 1 per cent silica in excess of 8 per cent, 15 cents a ton; for 

 each 0.02 per cent phosphorus in excess of 0.10 per cent, 1 cent per 



1 Mineral Resources of the United States, 1892, p. 178. 

 NAT MUS 99 17 



