THE NONMETALLIC MINERALS. 453 



Olive-green, rather hard; specific gravity, 0.9236; melting point, 

 60.5 C.: 



Light oil, boiling point up to 150 C 6. 25 



Heavy oil, with paraffin, 150 to 300 C . . . 35. 10 



Paraffin, etc., over 300 C 49. 73 



Residue in retort, and loss 8. 92 



100. 00 



Occurrences. Ozokerite occurs in the United States in Emery and 

 Uinta counties, Utah, where, in the form of small veins in Tertiary 

 rocks, it extends over a wide area (Specimens Nos. 59984, 62805, and 

 63203, U.S.N.M.). It is also found in Galicia, Austria, in Miocene 

 deposits (Specimens Nos. 66077, 66079, 66080, 66083, 66084, 66086, and 

 66860, U.S.N.M.); in Roumania, Hungary, Russia, and other Asiatic 

 and European localities. As a rule, the deposits are in beds of Ter- 

 tiary or Cretaceous age. The Galician deposits are the most noted 

 of the above. According to Redwood it is difficult to say whether 

 ozokerite is peculiar to any particular geological formation. Regard- 

 ing it as a derivative of petroleum with a high melting point, Rateau 

 points out that it would not be reasonable to expect that it would be 

 confined to any one formation, and in fact it is found in many, though 

 chiefly in the Tertiary and Cretaceous. The Boryslaw, Dwiniacz, 

 and Starunia deposits are in Miocene, but ozokerite has been met with 

 in the shales of Teschen, as well as in Neocomian and other formations 

 elsewhere. The Kouban deposits are on the borders of the Lower 

 Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous. In Teheleken it is found accompany- 

 ing petroleum in pockets in beds of sand above the clay shales and 

 muschelkalk of the Aralo-Carpathian formation. In southern Utah 

 and Arizona it occurs in Tertiary rock, probably Miocene. 



The soil of the valley in which Boryslaw lies is a bed of diluvial 

 deposit some meters in thickness. In sinking a shaft, first yellow clay, 

 then rounded flints and gravel, and then plastic clay are met with. 

 Below this sandstone and blue shale, much disturbed, alternate, and it 

 is in these beds, which have a thickness of some 200 meters, that the 

 ozokerite is found. The ozokerite-bearing formation lies on a basis 

 of petroliferous menilite shale, the strata of which, as they approach 

 the surface, are disposed almost vertically, but inclined toward the 

 south. The strata are composed of layers of coarse-grained sandstone, 

 green marl, fine-grained sandstone with veins of calcite, dark shale 

 alternating with gray sandy shale, imperceptibly merging into the 

 main beds of the nonpetroliferous sandstone and shale. Below these 

 are the Carpathian sandstones of the lower Eocene (nummulitic sand- 

 stone) and upper Cretaceous formations. 



The geological conditions prevailing at Dwiniacz and Starunia are 

 similar to those at Boryslaw, but the ozokerite is more largely mixed 

 with petroleum. The soil is gray and red diluvial clay, below which 



