466 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1899. 



springs, sad irons, and hinges; extensively exported to the United 

 States. 



Bay of Ckal&ur, New Brunswick. Fine dark bluish-gray; of firm 

 texture; smells strongly of clay when breathed upon. Resembles the 

 stone of Huron, Michigan, but contains less mica. Used in the manu- 

 facture of table cutlery; also machinists' tools and edge tools in 

 general. 



Newcastle, England. Light gray and yellowish; with a sharp grit; 

 rather friable, and texture somewhat coarser than that of the Berea 

 stone, which it otherwise somewhat resembles. The finer grades used 

 for grinding saws and the coarser and harder ones for sad irons, 

 springs, pulleys, shafting, for bead and face stones in nail work, and 

 for dry grinding of castings; also used by glass cutters. 



Wickersly, England. A dull brownish or yellowish, somewhat 

 micaceous stone of medium texture and rather soft. For grinding 

 saws, squares, bevels, and cutlers' work in general. 



Liverpool, or Melling, England. Dull reddish; a somewhat loosely 

 compacted aggregate of siliceous sand, so friable that the sharp angles 

 are easily crumbled away by the thumb and fingers. A very sharp 

 grit, used for saws and edge tools, particularly axes in shipyards. 



Craigleith, Scotland. Fine-grained and nearly white. A very 

 pure siliceous sandstone with a sharp grit. Said to be the best stone 

 known for glass cutting, though the Newcastle, Warrington, and York- 

 shire grits are also used for a similar purpose. 



Grindstones from France and Saxony find their way into our mar- 

 kets but rarely. 



For whetstones the same qualities are essential as for grindstones, 

 though as a rule the whetstones are designed for a finer class of work, 

 and hence a finer grade of material is utilized. For sharpening scythes 

 and other coarse cutting tools, however, the same stone is used as for 

 grindstones, the same quarry producing stone for building, grind- 

 stones, and whetstones, as above noted. The so-called Hindostan, or 

 Orange stone, from Orange County, Indiana, is a very fine-grained 

 siliceous sandstone of remarkably sharp and uniform grit, and which 

 for carvers and kitchen implements is unexcelled. (Specimens Nos. 

 38901-38905, 38910-38912, 38918-38924, 72896, 72899, etc., U.S.N.M.) 

 The so-called Labrador stone is also a sandstone of a dark blue-gray 

 color and of less sharp grit than that just mentioned. (Specimens 

 Nos. 38957, 38959, 38963, 38964, 38968, 38974, 38980-38982, and 38985- 

 38987, etc. , U. S. N. M. ) Many scy thestones like ' ' Indian Pond " (Speci- 

 men Nos. 38950, 38873, 38874, U.S.N.M.), "Chocolate," "Farmers' 

 Choice," "Black Diamond," "Vermont Quinebaug," and the"La- 

 moille" (Specimens Nos. 38926 and 38878, U.S.N.M.), are fine-grained 

 mica schists from New Hampshire and Vermont quarries (Speci- 

 mens Nos, 38947 to 38951, etc., U.S.N.M.). These as a rule are very 



