BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS OF THE GREEN LANES. 167 



pillar that does a deal of harm to hedges is that 

 known to entomologists as Hyponomeida padella, 

 one of the little tinea moths. It swarms on the 

 hawthorn and other trees, and, on account of its 

 immense numbers, which more than make up for its 

 diminutive size, it creates sad havoc. Figs. 116, 117, 

 118 show this common species in its three stages of 

 caterpillar, pupa, and imago. 



In the eastern counties, and indeed generally 

 where pollarded trees grow in any great abundance, 



Figs. 116, 117, 118. 



Caterpillar, Pupa, and Imago of ffyponomeuta padella. 



you may find a large and rather handsome insect, 

 although not gaudily coloured, known as the Goat- 

 moth (Cossus ligniperda}. It is more than likely 

 that its caterpillar, with its red, shining appearance, 

 will be the first to attract your attention. Fortu- 

 nately it is not so common with us as it is on the 

 continent, or we should not have such grand old 

 trees enduring in our midst. For the caterpillar of 

 the goat-moth acts the part, in our temperate 

 latitudes, assigned to the termites, or white ants, in 

 the tropics. It is a terrible borer into wood, and if 



