THE MOSSES. FUNGI, AND LICHENS. 



293 



common species growing so abundantly on the top 

 of the wall (the Screw Wall Moss, Tortula muralis), 

 you will find some of them in fruit. Examine this 

 wall moss with an ordinary pocket-lens, and if you 

 have not thus looked at it before we will guarantee 

 you a pleasant surprise. Although mosses and ferna 

 are eryptogamousi\i&,\, is, they have no palpable 



Fig. 220. 



nrtula muralis. a. Leaf and its Areolations ; 6. Capsule ; c. Calyptra. 

 d. Lid e. Male flower ; /. Antheridia and Paraphyses. 



method of fructification like the true flowering- 

 plants yet recent botanical discoveries have proved 

 that the old idea of there being no analogous male 

 and female organs is fallacious. Although perhaps 

 they do not possess them in the same degree, yet 

 the more highly organised even of the cryptogamia 

 have differentiated sexual parts. In Fig. 220 e, is 

 given what is called the male flower of the screw 

 wall moss. At the summit of the capsule (b) is 



