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boundary of North Carolina, in a general westerly direction to the 

 northeast corner of the Indian Territory; thence westerly for two 

 thirds of the way across the Territory, where it turns abruptly to the 

 southwest, continuing in the same general westerly direction to the 

 Rio Grande River, a little below El Paso, thus leaving one third of the 

 northern portion of Texas free from infection. 



" Cattle from south of this line, when moved north, have the peculiar 

 facility of infecting the trail over which they pass, and rendering it 

 deadly ground for the conveyance of poison to the native cattle. Sine!' 

 the first herds of Southern cattle have been driven and shipped north, 

 over $3,000,000 worth of native cattle of Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, 

 New Mexico, Nebraska, Illinois, and Missouri have died from this 

 infection; hence, the people of these States and Territories have made 

 Splenic fever a special study. 



" By way of giving a more definite idea to readers of your paper, I 

 may say that a herd of Southern cattle driven along a dusty road, or 

 across the prairie, leaves so much poison that native cattle crossing the 

 road or the trail are infected in the varying percentages of twenty to 

 sixty. This percentage, just as in diseases which are of epidemic or 

 endemic form, such as measles, etc., which assail the human family, 

 varies in accordance with the virulency of the germ, which, during some 

 particular years, assumes a very virulent type. Those of the Northern 

 cattle, which take on the disease and die of it, have not the power of 

 transmitting it. More definitely speaking, Texas fever, in its primary 

 condition, is transmissible; in its secondary condition, not transmi.-sihle. 

 There is no known remedy, safety depending upon quarantine regula- 

 tions alone. 



"Another striking peculiarity of the disease, is its lessened intensity 

 when frost comes, as the germs are then destroyed. Taking this fad 

 into consideration, all the Eastern and Western States quarantine 

 against Southern cattle, from the time of the last spring frosts, until 

 cold weather in the fall. No restrictions are placed upon their move- 

 ments during the winter months. Observations thus far taken justify 

 the opinion that there is a large section of country on the Pacific Coast 

 south of this line of permanent infection. Where thai line is located, 

 is a question worthy of the most careful research on the part of the 

 Bureau of Animal Industry and the State of California." 



The question of cattle disease in California was not aiiam brought 

 to the attention of the Department until 1894. During that year it was 

 alleged that outbreaks of Texas fever had occurred in Nevada, Kansas 



and Missouri, from California cattle taken to those States. The follow- 

 ing is from a report of Mr. Albert Dean, who is stationed at the kans;is 



City Stock Yards, and has charge of the inspection of cattle from the 

 Texas fever district : 



"From February 1 to November 20, L894, 127,388 cattle were shipped 



from the native divisions of the Kansas City Stock Yards to points in 



t he State of Kansas, for grazing and Eeeding, and during the same period 

 of time 1.16,691 head of feed and stock cattle were shipped from the 

 same yards to points in the State of Missouri. From this movement, 

 aggregating 244,079 cattle, an outbreak of Southern cattle fever occurred 



