Fever. 



175 



sorption of exudates (pneumonia), there is a large amout of 

 nitrogen to be disposed of, is its elimination in the urine main- 

 tained above the usual proportion. As the result of the degenera- 

 tive changes which have taken place, fatty acids appear for a time 

 in the urine (fatty degeneration) ; and after a time sodium chloride 

 may be again found in large amounts. 



In all febrile affections the kidneys are particularly likely to 

 be aft'ected. The poisonous bacterial products, and the substances 

 of greater or less toxicity which come from tissue destruction are 

 irritative to these organs, and render the glomeruli and renal 

 epithelial cells permeable to album.en. As a rule an albuminuria 

 of variable importance is established, an evidence of the existence 

 of a nephritis of an exudative type. 



lZ3A5 6'ynp)0// 12 13 /^ 15 16 f? /8 



Fig. 18. 



Continued fever; epidemic pleurisy in a five-year-old horse (after Priedberger— 



Frolmer) . 



In some cases acetone is found in the urine, considered by some 

 authorities as indicative of fat consumption, but regarded by Bknnenthal 

 as originating from proteid through bacterial influences and oxidation. 

 [Acetone, diacetic acid and oxybutyric acid are all occasionally encoun- 

 tered in the urine in febrile states, just as in case of diabetes mcllitus, 

 and there is reason to suppose that in both conditions faults of carbo- 

 hydrate metabolism underlie their occurrence, although it is possible that 

 such substances may in less direct manner be products of fat or proteid 

 destruction, as above suggested.] The origin of diazo bodies (diazo 

 reaction of urine) has been attributed (Ehrlich) likewise to bacterial influ- 

 ences (in man in tuberculosis, typhoid fever, measles). 



The existence of fever is most efficiently detected by thermo- 

 metric measurement of the body temperature. This is performed 

 in animals by introducing a suitable thermometer into the rectinn, 

 or in females into the vagina, allowing it to remain for five minutes, 

 after which the degree of temperature may be read off. A single 



