Transplantation of Skin and Glands. 253 



suppuration of the granulating- surface interferes with proper at- 

 tachment; and, as the function of the tissue depends greatly upon 

 nervous influences growth of a transplanted fragment is sometimes 

 prevciited because of the lack of any natural nervous comnuniica- 

 tion. Again the portion to be transplanted ought to be kept as 

 nearly as possible at its proper vital temperature (tissues have been 

 successfully grafted, however, even after having been ke]it for 

 from one to four days). 



While transplantation of bits of skin to new positions in the 

 same individual, as to the ear in a rabbit, has met with fair suc- 

 cess, attempts to graft from one individual to another have not 

 been so successful ; and transplantation from the skin of an animal 

 to man has failed in most instances. Efforts to transplant mucous 

 membranes (that of the lip to the lid) and of keratous tissues (in 

 the repair of corneal lesions), both in man and animals, have shown 

 little uniformity. In transplanting cartilage, periosteal and bony tis- 

 sue the graft as a rule persists for a long time and there may be 

 noted a certain amount of increase of the cartilaginous and perios- 

 teal cells. However, this is not active enough to permit it to be 

 said that there is an artive part taken by the graft in the repair of 

 an existing lesion ; but rather that the fibroblasts, angioplasts and 

 osteoplasts at the border of the lesion grow into the transplanted 

 tissue and gradually take its place. Inasmuch as the transplantation 

 of such material (small fragments or pieces of bone, the length of 

 a finger, not necessarily fresh bone but with equally good results 

 in the use of macerated or boiled bone or bone sterilized by heat) 

 may materially aid and hasten the restoration of a given defect 

 and the formation of a solidly ossified scar in it. the method has 

 gained considerable importance in surgery. 



Experiments by Ribbert. Lengemann, Lubarch and Enderlen 

 have proved that transplantation of small pieces of salivary glands, 

 sebaceous glands, mammary tissue, thyroid gland, epididymis, ova- 

 rian tissue, and liver tissue into the peritoneal cavity, anterior cham- 

 ber of the eye. under the skin and within the lymph glands, is fol- 

 lowed by more or less perfect adhesive growth and actual prolifera- 

 tion of the glandular epithelium, with formation of new cellular 

 extensions with development of gland spaces and persistence of the 

 vitality of the transported tissue. Ribbert's graft of mammary 

 gland tissue into the ear of a young guinea pig has special interest 

 from the fact that when the animal bore young the transplanted 

 gland began to secrete milk. 



