310 Specific Iiiflaniniations. 



The symptoms of tuberculosis appreciable during the hfe of the 

 affected animal vary widely with the different situations of the pri- 

 mary disease. Fuller details than space here permits are contained 

 in the publications of Johne, Siedamgrotzky, Albrecht, Lydtin and 

 other authors and particularly the text books of Friedberger and 

 Frohner, Dieckerhoff, Csokor, Nocard-Leclainche and AIoussu. 

 Pulmonary tuberculosis manifests itself by a remittent fever, im- 

 paired condition of nutrition in spite of good appetite, induration 

 of the skin (hide binding) associated with loss of subcutaneous 

 fat, rapid and difficult breathing, a feeble dry cough, impairment of 

 percussion resonance and the presence of rales. Chronic tiatulence, 

 as pointed out by Johne, is a frequent evidence of the existence of 

 greatly enlarged tuberculous mediastinal lymph glands from pres- 

 sure on the gullet, interfering with belching. Tuberculosis of 

 the mammary gland may be recognized by a gradually increasing 

 induration and diffuse painless swelling in one, two or all parts of 

 the udder, with synchronous enlargement of the supramammary 

 lymph nodes. In this condition the milk may be quite normal in 

 appearance for weeks or at least only changed in that it 

 is more watery, thinner (in the last stages only may one notice the 

 admixture of small fiakes of a pus-like appearance). Superficial 

 lymphatic glands, as the retropharyngeal, often become very large 

 in tuberculosis, hard and nodular. Tuberculosis of the brain com- 

 monly shows the violent symptoms of meningitis (excitement, un- 

 consciousness). In tuberculosis of the ovary symp.^toms of sexual 

 desire are sometimes observed. Tuberculosis of serous membranes 

 can in some cases only be made out by the detection of friction 

 sounds or by palpation of the peritoneum through the rectum ; it 

 may exist extensively without the occurrence of any emaciation of 

 the animal (so-called "fat Frenchmen"), but on the contrary with 

 preservation of an excellent state of nutrition. In the same way 

 involvement of the deeper lymph glands, liver and intestine is apt 

 to escape diagnosis during life. 



Diagnosis can be positively confirmed by the microscopic exam- 

 ination of the various emanations (milk, vaginal discharge, bron- 

 chial mucus, etc.) by determination of the tubercle bacilli therein. 



As a valuable aid to diagnosis especially in the latent forms of 

 the disease, the use of luberculin may be approved ; this is a decoc- 

 tion of cultures of the tubercle bacillus [sterilized by filtration 

 through porcelain] which has the effect of causing a febrile 

 reaction in tuberculous subjects, non-tuberculous individuals, how- 

 ever, manifesting no reaction to similar doses of the material. 



