312 specific Inilammations. 



can it be grown* in the incubator on nutrient media (glycerine 

 bouillon, serum, agar, potatoes). 



Transmission of the infectious agents from one animal to an- 

 other or to man is the result of a close relationship (living together) 

 or actual contact of the diseased animals with others ; and may take 

 place when the vehicle of the contagion (pus, nasal discharge, etc.) 

 gets upon the fodder and in the water, or when discharged in cough- 

 ing or blown out in sprays of fine drop- 

 ^ js ^ lets and iniialed by other animals. If 



* \ « ^ the material should lodge on the skin 



\-' 

 \ ^ ''\' N and mucous membranes it may pene- 



Jfvv* \ "trate even through apparently intact 



"^ pores (transmission by blankets, saddles 



^ . • and harness soiled with the pus). Ar- 



1 tificially the disease may be reproduced 



* / f-T '-'-^ cutaneous, subcutaneous, intraperi- 



i ^ toneal and other forms of inoculation. 



Fig. 73. and by feeding the glanders germs to 



Glanders bacilli (from cui- the susceptible animals. From the ex- 



ture). 



permiental studies of Nocard and 

 Leclainche, Galtier, Conte, Renault, Cadear and Malet, the 

 smallest lesion of the epithelium in mucous membranes 

 may serve as a point of entrance for the germ, as the trivial lesion 

 which is produced by rubbing with a piece of linen cloth or the 

 tiny epithelial abrasions about the nostrils caused by bits of food- 

 stuff. In guinea-pigs the infection may be successfully produced by 

 dropping the glanders bacilli into the conjunctival sac upon the in- 

 tact mucous surface, probably through the lymph follicles and tear 

 ducts. In feeding experiments the lymph-follicles of the pharnyx 

 and intestine are the points of entrance of the infection. Inhala- 

 tion of tlie germs distributed by spraying also occasions infection of 

 the pharyngeal mucous membrane. The infection develops most 

 rapidly after intravenous and intracranial injection. 



The bacilli multiply at first locally upon and within the tissue 

 (lymph spaces, lymph follicles) to which they have gained access, 

 and produce by the influence of their metabolic products a progres- 

 sive cellular necrosis with destruction of the nuclei (formation of 

 granules and globules, fragmentation of chromatin) and trans- 

 formation of the cells into finely granular detritus. Coincidentlv 

 tliere is seen a continual emigration of the white blood corpuscles, 



* For details cf. Kitt, Bakterienkundc fur Tlerarxtc. IV Aufl., Wien. 1903 



