3i8 Specific Inflammations. 



These more important anatomical changes of glanders are met 

 associated with each other and succeeding one another ; so that 

 along with the pneumonic infiltration of the pulmonary lobules 

 glanders nodules are apt to be met in the same case; along with 

 the abscesses, ulcers also are encountered, the latter developing 

 from the former, and the diffuse infiltrations occurring a§ a 

 terminal chang-e. 



Glanders generally may be considered as an irrecoverable infec- 

 tious disease ; exceptions have been met occasionally in man, guinea- 

 pigs and horses, but are so rare that attempts to cure are hardly 

 worth the effort in the case of animals, and seem to be injudicious, 

 when the daily danger is considered of the transmission of the in- 

 fection to man and other animals from the subjects dragging out 

 the course of their disease for months and years. The only rational 

 method of exterminating tlie disease consists in killing the animals 

 and carefully doing away with every chance of harm from any ani- 

 mal known to be afflicted with glanders ; and these provisions should 

 be made binding by law. 



For details concerning the aetiology, symptoms and prophylaxis, refer- 

 ence may be made to Friedberger and Frohner, Vcicrinary Pathology, 

 Amer. Ed., W. T. Keener & Co., Chicago, 1904; Xocard-Leclainche, Lcs 

 maladies microbiennes des anitiiaux. Ill edition, Paris, 1903. 



Actinomycosis. 



Actinomycosis {SlktU, ray; tJ.vKr,s, iungns) , or Ray-fungus Disease, 

 is a form of wound infection manifesting itself bv the anatomical 

 changes of a suppurating granulomatous inflammation ; it may be 

 caused by several varieties of a group of fungi known as the rav 

 fungi or actinomycetes. It occurs not infrequently in man, cattle 

 and swine and has been exceptionally observed also in sheep, hart 

 and roe deer, dogs, cats and elephants. 



The fungi which cause the affection were first discovered bv 

 Langenbeck in 1845 i" the carious lumbar vertebrae of a man, later 

 by Rivolta in 1868 in tumors of the jaw in cattle and by C. Hahn 

 in 1870 in the tongue in cattle ; and have been more fully investigated 

 by Bollinger. Harz, Johne, Israel, Ponfick. Gasperini, Berestnew, 

 Bostrom and others. They have wide distribution in nature, existing 

 especially in field soil and the beards of cereals. The usual mode 

 of infection b\" the ra}- ftingi is through wounds made by small for- 

 eign bodies penetrating into the skin or inucous membranes, as sharp 



