32 THEORY AND PRACTICE 



an animal to bleed to death. This is external hemorrhage ; 

 enough blood is lost to produce syncope. Internal hemorrhage 

 occurs as the result of the rupture of some internal blood ves- 

 sel into either the thorax or abdomen. Castrate a colt, say a 

 bleeder, and as soon as the ecraseur is removed and if the cord is 

 retracted into the abdominal cavity, the hemorrhage begins and 

 in 5 or 10 hours the colt will bleed to death. 

 The symptoms of internal hemorrhage are : 



1. Great and increased pallor — mucous 



membranes pale, finally white as pa- 

 per. This is the most important di- 

 agnostic symptom. 



2. Temperature of extremities varying 



according to the rapidity of the hem- 

 orrhage — cold if slow, and more or 

 less warm if rapid. 



3. Great and increasing weakness — as 



death approaches, in case of a hem- 

 orrhage requiring 5 or 6 hours to 

 culminate, cold sweat breaks out on 

 the surface. Then follows a dazed 

 expression of countenance ; the eyes 

 get dim ; the animal spreads his legs 

 to prop his body; if down, he strug- 

 gles convulsively to rise ; the pulse 

 becomes feeble, small and finally im- 

 perceptible ; the expired air is cold ; 

 the breathing convulsive ; and as 

 death approaches the pupils dilate. 



Death due to interruption of the pneumatic apparatus is called 

 ASPHYXIA, whereby the animal is deprived of air. 



The symptoms of asphyxia are as follows : 



1. The mucous membranes are dark and 



grow darker. This darkening is 

 called CYANOSIS, It does not occur 

 suddenly, but comes on gradually. 



2. Eyes bulge. 



3. Nostrils dilate. 



