OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. 41 



facial sinuses indicates that they are filled with mucous discharges 

 or pus ; dullness of the abdominal cavity is normal, and it becomes 

 resonant only when filled with gas. 



Succiission. — This is the act of shaking a patient so as to de- 

 tect the pressure of a liquid in the cavities of the body. 



RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 



The phenomena of the diseases of any particular system 

 are the various symptoms and signs which call one's attention 

 to it. 



As applied to the horse, the various phenomena of the dis- 

 eases of the respiratory system are as follows: 



1. Grunting. In cattle grunting occurs as 



a symptom of digestive diseases; in 

 the horse never as such. 



2. Coughing. 



3. Dyspnoea. 



4. Roaring. 



5. Whistling. 



6. Rales — called mucous rales. 



7. Crepitation. 



8. Friction sounds. 



9. Sneezing. 



10. Snoring. 



11. Wheezing. 



Grunting.— The grunt is present in acute pleurisy, and indi- 

 cates painful respiration. 



Coughing. — A cough is a forcible and sudden expulsion of air 

 from the chest. It begins with a sudden and deep inspiration, 

 and then all the respiratory forces come into play to expel the 

 air,— the diaphragm, the intercostals and the abdominal muscles. 

 A cough may be either moist or dry. The moist cough is 

 heard in the second stages of acute respiratory diseases; the 

 dry, in the first stage of the acute and in the chronic respiratory 

 diseases. A cough may be shallow or deep ; the shallow is from 

 the throat, and the deep from the bronchi. The throat cough 



